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| The smallest unit; the building blocks of matter |
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Any proportions
No new compounds are formed
No elements are released
Chemical bonds are unchanged (energy may change the temp and physical state of matter) |
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| Examples of Physical Change |
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Drying Wood
Making Jell O
Moving a battery
Making salt water
Mixing sand and water
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Defined proportions
new compounds are formed and elements are released
energy is released from chemical bonds / energy is required to form chemical bonds |
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| Characteristic, trait, behaviour |
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characteristic that can be observed without changing the chemical makeup of a substance
(example: color, shape, size, texture, odor, taste.) |
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(d=m/v)
the compaction of particles within a substance; the mass per unit volume of an object |
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| ability of a substance to be hammered into a thin, flat sheet |
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| Ability to be rolled / drawn into thin wire |
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| How easily a substance dissolves |
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| amount of holes in a substance that determines how absorbant a substance is |
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| ability for a substance to conduct heat/electricity between its particles |
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| properties that, in order to observe, must result in the changing of the original substance |
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| the reaction tendencies between 2/more substances |
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| how easily a substance burns |
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| how easily a substance ignites |
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| oxidation - how easily an object rusts in the presence of oxygen |
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| how much a material will eat away/chemically burn/break down |
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| how easily an object explodes |
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| 6 Indicators of a Chemical Change |
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[SOGCST]
1) Smoke
2) Odor
3) Gas
4) Color
5) Sound
6) Temp |
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| Examples of Chemical Change |
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Forming water
Using a battery
Baking a cake
Making salt
Mixing an acid and a base |
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[DMP]
Dissolve
Mixture
Phase |
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[PMNBC]
produce
make
new
burn
cook |
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| Substance that consists of more than 1 type of matter; can be seperated by physical change |
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the particles are distributed the same throughout.
a uniform mixture.
(Something MUST dissolve)
(Small particles, which is why it can dissolve) |
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| the particles are mixed differently throughout. Non uniform. |
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| What are the 2 types of Heterogenous Mixtures? |
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Medium in size.
Only part dissolution occurs.
Example: Jell O |
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| Consists of 1 type of matter. can only be seperated by chemical change. |
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Number of protons, electrons, & neutrons.
Latin origin, famous scientists / places : periodic table. |
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| Pure substance formed by the chemical union of 2 or more elements |
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| A pure substance formed by the chemical union of 2 or more atoms |
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Large particles.
Doesn't dissolve at all.
Ex: Italian Dressing. |
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| All Compounds are molecules but....... |
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| ........Not all Molecules are compounds. |
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| Not all molecules are compounds but............. |
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| .........All compounds are molecules. |
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| all particles of matter are in a constant, random motion |
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[ TECNAM ]
1) Thermal
2) Electromagnetic
3)Chemical
4)Nuclear
5) Acoustic
6) Mechanical |
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Kinetic : Energy of motion
Potential: Stored energy of position |
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| Energy formed during the bonding process of atoms. (electron movement) |
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| Energy produced from the release of particles within the nucleus of an atom |
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| Energy that travels in the form of a wave and causes vibration |
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| The study of energy transformations in physical & chemical processes |
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| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
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aka Law of Conservation of mass / energy
Matter & Energy can't be created / destroyed but can be transferred / transformed. |
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| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
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| All NATURAL processes tend toward the greatest entropy (disorder) & minimal usable energy |
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| Energy is always_____ & becomes ________ as a result of _____________. |
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Lost.
Unusable.
Reactions. |
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| 3rd Law of Thermodynamics |
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| It's impossible to reach absolute 0 |
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The change in thermal engery
the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another. Transfer from high to low. |
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| TOTAL kinetic energy of an object. the amount of material is important. |
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| AVERAGE kinetic energy of an object. the amount of material does not matter |
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total / SUM of both kinetic / potential energy.
not just movement but also position. |
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| Kelvin Scale's Boiling Point |
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| Fahrenheits Boiling Point |
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| Fahrenheit Freezing Point |
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| (Pure substance) type of atom; 1 0f the substances on the periodic table |
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| some elements bonded together; something you can easily make at home |
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| you can see different parts; you can easily make at home |
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| Formula for Rusting (Oxidation)......... |
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