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Chapter 2 Lecture
Test 2 Study Guide
17
Chemistry
Not Applicable
10/05/2010

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Term
Chlorofluorocarbons
Definition
molecules containing only carbon, chlorine and fluorine
Term
Stratospheric Ozone Variations: Natural
Definition
Suns radiation,Latitude,Winds,Seasonal Variations, and Gases.
Term
Free Radical
Definition
a highly reactive chemical species that contain one unpaired electron.
Term
catalyst
Definition
a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being concumedin the reaction.
Term
Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Definition
clouds composed of small ice crystals in the stratosphere. Must be less than -78 oCto form.

form 10-18 miles above the Earth.
Term
Uses of CFCs
Definition
(1)Refrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioners.
(2) Propellants in aerosol cans.
(3) Plastic expanders: polystyrene.
(4) Fire extinguishers (bromine & fluorine).
Term
Sun’s Radiation
Definition
variations in the intensity of the Sun’s radiation.

The higher the UV radiation, the greater the amount of O3 produced
Term
Latitude
Definition
The higher the latitude (closer to the Poles), the higher the O3 concentration.
Term
Winds
Definition
Stratospheric winds alter the ozone concentration.

Prevailing Stratospheric winds transports ozone from the equator toward the Poles.
Term
Seasonal Variations
Definition
highest levels of ozone are found in the spring, not summer, and the lowest in the autumn, not winter in the northern hemisphere.
Term
Gases
Definition
water vapor (H2O) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) destroy stratospheric ozone.

Free radicals in the stratosphere destroy ozone.
Term
Arctic winters not as cold as...
Definition
Antartic
Term
June 1974
Definition
Effects of CFCs on ozone hypothesized by Rowland & Molina; won Nobel prize in 1995 for their work.
Term
Oct. 1978
Definition
Manufacture/sale of CFCs for spray cans banned in U.S.
Term
1990
Definition
Use of CFCs as foaming agents for plastics banned in U.S.
Term
1987
Definition
Montreal Protocol. Initially 27 countries agreed to limit the production of CFCs and Halons. Today 195 countries have signed the Protocol.
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