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Chapter 2:First Civilizations
Chapter 2
70
History
10th Grade
09/25/2008

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Cards

Term
Why is Lower Egypt in the north and Upper Egypt in the south?
Definition
Because the Nile Flows south to north
Term
In 3100 bc who united upper and lower egypt and created the first _______?
Definition
MENES was the first DYNASTY
Term
Two parts of ancient Egypt and where they are located
Definition
Upper Egypt in the south
Lower Egypt in the north
Term
The three main periods(with dates) of ancient Egyptian history
Definition
Old Kingdom;2700-2200 bc
Middle Kingdom;2050-1800 bc
New Kingdom;1550-1100 bc
Term
The old kingdom is also known as what?
Definition
The pyramid age
Term
Like a monarchy the old kingdom had a strong _______ _________
Definition
centralized goverment
Term
Pyramids are ______
Definition
tombs
Term
During the middle kingdom who invaded and conquered Egypt?
Definition
Hyksos
Term
What was invented by the Hyksos?
Definition
Chariots
Term
During the new kingdom powerful rulers ________ the egyptian empire
Definition
extended
Term
Who were two powerful rulers during the new kingdom?
Definition
Hathsheput and Ramses II
Term
Why was Hathsheput important?
Definition
First woman ruler recorded in history
Term
To where did Ramses extend the empire?
Definition
Syria and Palestine
Term
What else did Ramses accomplish?
Definition
first peace treaty known to exist(with the Hittites)
Term
Rich soil deposited by a river flooding
Definition
silt
Term
waterfall
Definition
cataract
Term
Triangular area where silt deposited; marshland formed by silt at the mouth of a river
Definition
delta
Term
ruling family
Definition
dynasty
Term
thought to be gods; political and religious significance
Definition
pharoh
Term
chief ministers; counselours to the pharoh
Definition
viziers
Term
French; discovered and deciphered the Rosetta stone(during what century?)and traveed with who
Definition
Jean Champollion(early 19th century)traveled with Napoleon
Term
What three languages were written on the Rosetta stone?
Definition
Greek, Heiroglyphics and Demotic
Term
Powerful sun god
Definition
Amon-Re
Term
god of the underworld and the Nile(and his wife and son)
Definition
Osiris, Isis, and Horus
Term
Who discovered King Tut's tomb?
Definition
Howard Carter
Term
What rites did women, who had a greater independence than women elsewhere, have in ancient egypt?
Definition
inherit property, enter business deals, buy and sell goods, go to court, and obtain a divorce
Term
preservation of the dead
Definition
mummification
Term
picture writing used to keep important records
Definition
hieroglyphics
Term
pictures that symbolized an idea or action
Definition
ideograms
Term
simpler form of writing developed by scribes
Definition
demotic
Term
kind of paper
Definition
papyrus
Term
decode
Definition
decipher
Term
the fertile crescent arcs from ______ _______ to the ________ _________
Definition
persian gulf to the eastern mediterranean
Term
"Land between the rivers"(which rivers and name of land)
Definition
Tigris and Euphraytes--Mesopotamia
Term
Sumerians used a type of writing called ______, which was ________ shaped
Definition
Cuneiform, wedge
Term
Sumerian Literature
Definition
Epic of Gilgamesh
Term
Sumerian Empire divided into ______-_____ with a king in charge of each
Definition
city-states
Term
Hierarchy of Sumer
Definition
Ruling family, leading officials and high priests------> lesser priests and scribes----->merchants and artisans
Term
Sumerians used ______ for building
Definition
bricks
Term
Were the first to use _______ ________
Definition
wheeled vehicles
Term
Sumerians also invented what other 3 architechtural structures?
Definition
steps, archs and ramps
Term
system of ranks
Definition
hierarchy
Term
pyramid temple that soared toward the heavens
Definition
ziggurat
Term
fertile crescent characterized by cycle of _______, _______, ________ _______
Definition
invasion, migration and empire building
Term
Invaded Sumer to create the first known empire
Definition
Sargon of Akkadia, Leader of the Akkadians
Term
conquered much of mesopotamia, leader of babylon
Definition
Hamurabi
Term
first attempt to codify law, dealt with both criminal(murder...) and civil(private rights, marriage...) law
Definition
Code of Hammurabi
Term
Conquered much of mesopotamia in 1400 bc first to use iron weopens(Brought about iron age)
Definition
Hittites
Term
Blood thirsty warriors, one of histories most feared armies
Definition
Assyrians
Term
After 612 bc, rebuilt and created an empire ruled from babylon
Definition
Nebuchadnezzar: king of the Chaldeans
Term
Built the hanging gardens for homesick wife
Definition
Nebuchadnezzar
Term
Conquered Babylon in 539 bc, practiced tolerance, praticed both a barter and money economy
Definition
persians
Term
created provinces headed by satraps
Definition
darius
Term
Taught that there was a single god, Ahura Mazda, ruled the world. In constant battle against Ahriman, prince of lies and evil
Definition
Zoroaster/Zoroasterism
Term
Collection of zoroaster's teachings
Definition
Zend-Avesta
Term
created the idea of using coins to trade
Definition
LYDIANS
Term
Famous traders and sailors; established colonies in the med sea; created an alphabet and are known as the carriers of civilization
Definition
Phoenicians
Term
came from fertile crescent; enslaved in egypt, greates contributions=ethical monotheism, ten commandments and torah; were patriarchal
Definition
hebrews
Term
put into writing
Definition
codify
Term
branch of law that includes robbery/murder/assault
Definition
criminal law
Term
branch of law that deals with private rights and matters
Definition
civil law
Term
acceptance
Definition
tolerance
Term
governer
Definition
satrap
Term
exchanging one set of goods or services for another
Definition
barter economy
Term
goods and services paid for with coins
Definition
money economy
Term
territory settled and ruled by people from another land
Definition
colony
Term
letters that represent spoken sounds
Definition
alphabet
Term
binding agreement
Definition
covenant
Term
moral standards of behavior
Definition
ethics
Term
scattering of people
Definition
diaspora
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