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Chapter 2-Cell in Action Vocab
This is from my science book for chapter two vocabulary study
13
Science
8th Grade
04/20/2009

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Term
diffusion
Definition
the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low
Term
osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water across a cell membrane
Term
cell cycle
Definition
the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis, and cytokinesis
Term
passive transport
Definition
the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low
Term
active transport
Definition
the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide from water
Term
fermentation
Definition
the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen
Term
endocytosis
Definition
the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell
Term
extcytosis
Definition
the process used to remove large particles from a cell; during this, a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell membrane
Term
chromosome
Definition
a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis
Term
binary fission
Definition
the simple division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria
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