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Chapter 1: The Chemical World
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30
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2014

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Term
observation
Definition
measurement of some aspect of nature
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a tentative inperpretation or explanation of the observations
Term
scientific law
Definition
brief statement that synthesizes past observations and predicts future ones
Term
theory
Definition
a proposed explanation for observations and laws
Term
scientific method
Definition

a way of learning that emphasizes observation and experimentation- to understand the world

Term

Atoms

Definition
All of the above are true.
Term
A good hypothesis is falsifiable.  
Hypotheses are tested by experiment.  

One or more hypotheses form the basis for a scientific theory.

 

                                 True/False

 
Definition
True
Term

In the solid state,

Definition
atoms or molecules pack closely in fixed locations.
Term

Which of the following is a pure substance?

 

Definition
Water
Term

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

Definition
Salt water
Term

Which of the following is a chemical change?

 

Definition
Wood burning
Term

Which of the following is an example of a physical property?

Definition
the density of solid gold
Term

Which of the following best defines kinetic energy?

Definition
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Term

Which of the following is true?

 

Definition
In any process, the total quantity of energy involved is constant.
Term

Which is the longest distance?

 

Definition
250 decimeters
Term

Which of the following is the highest temperature?

 

Definition
All are the same temperature.
Term

The two objects shown below have the same mass. Which has the largest density?

[image]

 

Definition
A
Term

Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?

 

 

Definition
Volume
Term

How many mL of bromine are required to deliver 0.25 g of bromine into a reaction?

(dBr = 3.12 g/cm3)

 

Definition

0.080 mL

 

volume = mass/density = 0.25 g/ (3.12 g/ cm3)

Term

Which of the following numbers are exact?

 

Definition
both the first and second choices
Term

Which of the following has the largest number of significant figures?

Definition
0.0020010
Term

How many significant figures should be reported for the following calculation:

5.2110 × 12.20 ÷ (11.44 – 2.113)

 

Definition
3
Term

A student made the following measurements in lab. Which of the following can be said for certain?

Trial 1 2.125 g
Trial 2 2.123 g
Trial 3 2.127 g

 

Definition
Term
Matter
Definition

Physical world of chemistry

 

Matter is anything that occupies space and has volume. 

 

Matter can be quantified by measuring density (density = mass/volume)

Term

Where can you find chemicals?

(a) in a hardware store

(b) in a chemical stockroom

(c) all around you and even inside you

(d) all of the above

Definition

D. All of the Above

 

Term

Which statement best describes chemistry?

(a) the science that studies solvents, drugs, and insecticides

(b) The science that studies the connections between the properties of matter and the particles that compose that matter

(c) the science that studies air and water pollution

(d) The science that seeks to understand processes that occur only in chemical laboratories

Definition
B. The science that studies the connections between the properties of matter and the particles that compose that matter
Term

According to the scientific method, what is a law?

(a) A short statement that summarizes a large number of observations.

(b) A fact that can never be refuted

(c) A model that gives insight into how nature is

(d) An initial guess with explanatory power

Definition
A. A short statement that summarizes a large number of observations.
Term

Which statement is an example of an observation?

(a) In a chemical reaction, matter is conserved

(b) All matter is made up of atoms

(c) When a given sample of gasoline is burned in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change

(d) Atoms bond to one another by sharing electrons

Definition
C. When a given sample of gasoline is burned in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change
Term

Which characteristic is necessary for success in understanding chemistry?

(a) Curiosity

(b) calculation

(c) commitment

(d) all of the above

Definition
D. All of the above
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