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Chapter 1
Respiratory Pharmacology (Rau's).
44
Pharmacology
Professional
09/14/2011

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Term
Absorption
Definition
Dissolves, reaches bloodstream
Term
Administration (of drug)
Definition
dosage and routes of administration
Term
Advantages of aerosolized agents by inhalation
Definition
1. smaller doses 2. fewer side effects 3. rapid onset of action 4. targeted to respiratory system 5. painless administration & safe
Term
Agonist
Definition
binds to receptor and causes reaction
Term
Aqueous diffusion
Definition

occurs in the aqueous compartments of the body, such as the interstitial spaces or within a cell. Diffusion occurs by a concentration gradient.

Term
Carrier mediated transport
Definition
transport of amino acids, sugars, peptides, etc.
Term
Chemical name
Definition
The name indicating the drug's chemical structure
Term
Code name
Definition
A name/number assigned by a manufacturer to an experimental chemical that shows potential as a drug.
Term
Degree of ionization
Definition
depends on PKp (PH at which drug is 50/50 ionized/non-ionized), ambient PH, whether drug is weak acid or base
Term
Drug Names
Definition
chemical, code, official, generic, and trade (or brand)
Term
Enteral route
Definition
oral, suppository, under tongue (sublingual), trough gastric tube
Term
Generic name
Definition
The name assigned by the United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council when chemical appears to have therapeutic use and the manufacturer wishes to market the drug. Often loosely based on chem. structure. A.k.a. "non-proprietary".
Term
Inhalation
Definition
for systemic or local effect
Term
Lipid diffusion
Definition
drug must be lipid-soluble, to diffuse across membrane
Term
Local effect
Definition
targeted/limited to the area of treatment
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The liver is a primary site of drug metabolism and biotransformation, and the kidneys are the site of primary drug excretion, although drug and metabolites can be excreted in the feces as well.
Term
Mycosal barrier
Definition
Airway surface liquid, epithelial cells, basement membrane, interstitium, capillary vascular network.
Term
Official name
Definition
If drug is FDA approved, generic name becomes official name
Term
Orphan drugs
Definition
drugs for rare diseases with higher cost to develop than expeted return
Term
PDR
Definition
Physician's Desk Reference
Term
Parenteral
Definition
Injectable:
Intravenous - IV
Intramuscular - IM
Subcutaneous - SC
Term
Pharmacodynamic
Definition
effects of the drug on body
Term
Pharmacodynamics
Definition
what the drug does to the body
Term
Pharmacokinetic
Definition
factors determining absorbtion, distribution, metabolism, breakdown, and elimination
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
what body does to the drug
Term
Pharmacology
Definition
The study of drugs (chemicals), including their origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms.
Term
Phases of drug from dose to effect
Definition
1. administration phase
2. pharmacokinetic phase
3. pharmacodynamic phase
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
engulfment (as in WBC destroying bacteria)
Term
Prophylaxis
Definition
Prevention of health problems
Term
Respiratory care pharmacology
Definition
the application of pharmacology to the treatment of pulmonary disorders
Term
Routes
Definition
1. Enteral
2. Parenteral
3. Inhalation
4. Transdermal
5. Topical
Term
Source of drug preparation
Definition
Most common: chemical synthesis or animal, plant and mineral
Term
Systemic effect
Definition
Pertains to the whole body
Term
Trade/brand name
Definition
Marketing name by drug company
Term
Transdermal
Definition
Skin patch
Term
US PNF
Definition
United States Pharmacopeia - National Formulary
Term
antagonist
Definition
a drug or chemical that is able to bind to a receptor (has affinity) but causes no response (zero efficacy)
Term
Antagonist
Definition
a drug or chemical that is able to bind to a receptor (has affinity) but causes no response (zero efficacy)
Term
Idiosyncratic effect
Definition
An effect that is the opposite of, or unusual, or an absence of effect, compared with the predicted usual effect in an individual.
Term
Hypersensitivity
Definition
An allergic or immune-mediated reaction to a drug, which can be serious, requiring airway maintenance or ventilatory assistance.
Term
Tolerance
Definition
Describes a decreasing intensity of response to a drug over time.
Term
Tachyphylaxis
Definition
Describes a rapid decrease in responsiveness to a drug.
Term
Pharmacogenetics
Definition

refers to hereditary differences in the way the body handles specific drugs

Term
Succinylcholine
Definition

Approximately 1 in 3000 individuals has a genetically determined variant of this enzyme. As a result, a patient may take several hours to recover from the drug and begin to breathe spontaneously

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