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Chapter 19 Vocabulary
Vocabulary Terms And Definitions
23
Science
8th Grade
11/10/2006

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Term
Astronomy
Definition
The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.
Term
Axis
Definition
An imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates.
Term
Rotation
Definition
The spinning motion of a planet about its axis.
Term
Revolution
Definition
The movement of an object around another object.
Term
Orbit
Definition
The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.
Term
Latitude
Definition
The distance north or south from the equator, measured in degrees.
Term
Solstice
Definition
The two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5° South or 23.5° North.
Term
Equinox
Definition
The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.
Term
Vernal Equinox
Definition
The day of the year that marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere.
Term
Autumnal Equinox
Definition
The day of the year that marks the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere.
Term
Phase
Definition
One of the different shapes of the moon as seen from Earth.
Term
Eclipse
Definition
The partial or total blocking of one object by another.
Term
Solar Eclipse
Definition
The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth.
Term
Umbra
Definition
The darkest part of a shadow.
Term
Penumbra
Definition
The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part.
Term
Lunar Eclipse
Definition
The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and moon.
Term
Tide
Definition
The daily rise and fall of Earth's waters on shores.
Term
Gravity
Definition
The attractive force between two objects; its magnitude depends on their masses and the distance between them.
Term
Satellite
Definition
Any object that revolves around another object in space.
Term
Geosynchronous Orbit
Definition
The orbit of a satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates.
Term
Telescope
Definition
A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.
Term
Crater
Definition
A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening; A round pit on the moon's surface.
Term
Maria
Definition
Dark, flat regions on the moon's surface.
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