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Chapter 18 test
industry, immigration, and cities 1870 - 1900
49
History
9th Grade
09/26/2006

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Term
The Guilded Age
Definition
Mark Twain came up with the term

applied to the late 19th century am. which refers to the shallow display and worship of wealth
Term
How did American technology change?
Definition
1879 - lightbulb
general electric company
motion pictures
by 1910 the u.s. was centered more on factories than farms
Term
Horizontal integration
Definition
the merger of competitors in the same industry
Term
vertical integration
Definition
one firm tries to control all the companies in that buisness
Term
gustava swift
Definition
improved refrigerated railway cars

major railways wouldn't buy it because they feared losing the heavy investment they had already made in cattle cars
Term
how did the rise of coorporations affect workers?
Definition
there was less work for poor people, the coorporations wanted skilled artisans
Term
what was the settlement house
Definition
a house for homeless people that included facilities and education to help them improve their educaiton
Term
Who was Andrew Carnegie and what was his Gospel of Wealth?
Definition
gospel of wealth said that work and perserverance lead to wealth, saying that poverty was a character flaw
carnegie said that upper class had to set an example
Term
social darwinism
Definition
theory saying that the fittest and wealthiest survive, the weak and the poor perish, and the government is unable to alter this "natural" process
Term
who were the knights of labor
Definition
led by terrence v. powderly
it led railroad strikes in small places and it recruited blacks as well as women (gave equal pay)
Term
american federation of labor
Definition
collective bargaining - negotiations between management and union representatives

emphasized a few workplace issues rather than a broad social program
Term
new immigrants
Definition
Mexicans, chinese, japanese, polish, jewish
Term
scientific racism
Definition
scientists "proved" that immigrants weren't good enough
Term
2 reasons for the increase of cities
Definition
immigration there by those looking for higher paying jobs and trying to escape religious persecution
Term
city that hosted the cenntennial
Definition
The centennial exposition of 1876 in philidelphia
pulled out the declaration of independence and constitution
showed off telegraph and telephone
Term
what happened to firms when the cities increased
Definition
the cities were overpopulated and the firms went bankrupt
Term
james b. duke
Definition
cigarette manufacturer; gained control of most of the tobacco industry
Term
george pullman
Definition
owned a cable car company
Term
workplace conditions
Definition
cramped quarters, unsafe, often without easy ways out, minimum wage
Term
sweatshops
Definition
small, cramped, poorily ventilated rooms where workers were forced to work
Term
attitudes towards female workers
Definition
most thought the woman should stay at home and care for the family, and those who did work were thought of negatively
Term
jane addams
Definition
founded the Hull House in 1889
Term
terrence powderly
Definition
headed the Knights of Labor
Term
henry clay frick
Definition
didn't like the AFL
wouldn't let the workers in because he didn't like that they supported it
Term
eugene v. debbs
Definition
during the pullman strike, he ordered a boycott of any trains with pullman cars
Term
jacob riis
Definition
wrote a book "how the other half lives" that exposed poverty and said that the upper class cared little of those of little wealth
Term
samuel gompers
Definition
lead the AFL
Term
which industry was hit by the great uprising
Definition
the railroad industry was slowed
Term
haymarket affair
Definition
in may 1886, a bomb exploded in haymarket square during a meeting that was to protest police killing four unarmed workers during a strike.
the bomb killed seven police men and four strikers
Term
major goal of american federation of labor
Definition
to make it easier for workers to communicate with their employers
Term
pullman strike
Definition
car company cut wages and strikers walked off the job but their union was dissolved and thier leader (Eugene v. debbs) was arrested
Term
how were troops used in labor disputes
Definition
to stop the strikers from going back to work and to keep the workers doing what they are supposed to.
Term
pogroms
Definition
attacks against jewish citizens because they thought jews had killed the tsarist government
Term
nativists
Definition
favoring the interests of natvie born inhabitants
Term
american protective association
Definition
in 1887
sought to limit catholic civil rights in the us to protect the jobs of protestant workingmen
Term
what was the lowest race
Definition
the japanese and chinese
Term
great migration
Definition
the mass movement of AA from the rural southt to the urban north
Term
how were stereotypes enforced
Definition
by the new medium of film
by belittling others with names
Term
who were the first residents of suburbs
Definition
the upper class
Term
what would you find downtown
Definition
entertainment and businesses
Term
what were the contributions of pulitzer and hearst
Definition
they organized the newspaper into an entertaining paper that sold much better because it could catch the eye with headlines and stories for everyone
Term
coney island
Definition
an amusement park with the first ferris wheel and sold frankfurts
Term
how did clientele change
Definition
stores grew, with items for everything and extensive inventories. they had sales and advertising campaigns that maintained customers interests
Term
popular sports
Definition
football at harvard, yale
golf at the country club
skating and bicyling
professional baseball
Term
4 major languages
Definition
germanic, romance, slavic, celtic
Term
architect of eads bridge
Definition
James Buchanan Eads
Term
architect of union station
Definition
Theodore Link
Term
working hours
Definition
10 hours a day, 6 days a week
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