Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 18 and 19
Classification and Bacteria and Viruses
39
Biology
9th Grade
01/19/2006

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
taxonomy
Definition
discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
Term
genus
Definition
group of closely related species, first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature
Term
taxon
Definition
group or level of organization into which organisms are classified
Term
family
Definition
group of genera that share many characteristics
Term
order
Definition
group of similar families
Term
class
Definition
group of similar orders
Term
phylum
Definition
group of closely related classes
Term
kingdom
Definition
largest taxonomic group, consisting of closely related phyla
Term
Carolus Linnaeus
Definition
the Sewdish botanist who developed the naming system called binomial nomenclature
- 1700s
Term
evolutionary classification
Definition
method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history
Term
derived character
Definition
characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older members
Term
cladogram
Definition
diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
Term
molecular clock
Definition
model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently
Term
domain
Definition
most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom
Term
Bacteria
Definition
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
Term
Eubacteria
Definition
kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan
Term
Archaea
Definition
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
Term
Arachaebacteria
Definition
kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
Term
Eukaraya
Definition
domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Term
Protista
Definition
kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi
Term
Fungi
Definition
kingdom composed of heterotrophs; many obtain energy and nutrients from dead organic matter
Term
Plantae
Definition
kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose
Term
Animalia
Definition
kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cell do not have cell walls
Term
prokaryote
Definition
single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus
Term
bacillus
Definition
rod-shaped prokaryote
Term
coccus
Definition
spherical prokaryote
Term
spirillum
Definition
spiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
Term
flagellum
Definition
whiplike structure on some cells that is used for movement
Term
photoautotroph
Definition
prokaryote that is photosynthetic but also needs organic compounds for nutrition
Term
chemoautotroph
Definition
prokaryote that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules using chemical reactions
Term
photoheterotroph
Definition
prokaryote that is photosynthetic but also needs organic compounds for nutrition
Term
binary fission
Definition
type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates its DNA, and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
Term
conjugation
Definition
form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Term
endospore
Definition
type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm
Term
nitrogen fixation
Definition
process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
Term
pathogen
Definition
disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or fungus
Term
antibiotic
Definition
compound that blocks that growth and reproduction of bacteria
Term
sterilization
Definition
process of destroying bacteria using great heat or chemical action
Supporting users have an ad free experience!