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Chapter 17
Notecards on Key People and Terms
24
History
10th Grade
06/03/2008

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Cards

Term
Political machines
Definition
well organized political parties that dominated local and state governments in the late 1800s; dominates city politics
Term
Political Boss
Definition
leaders of the political machines
Term
Tammany Hall
Definition
political club that gained power in the 1860s became a political machine in the late 1800s.
Term
James Pendergast
Definition
political boss in Missouri; provided jobs for AA’s, Irish, and Italian immigrants
Term
Graft
Definition
the acquisition of money or political power through illegal or dishonest methods
Term
Kickbacks
Definition
payments of part of the earnings from a job or contract
Term
George Washington Plunkitt
Definition
political boss of Tammany Hall…“honest graft”
Term
William Marcy Tweed
Definition
He and his ring of political supporters used their position of power to gain bribes and kickbacks; revealed through Thomas Nast's political cartoons
Term
Gould Gold Scandal
Definition
Gould and Fisk tried to convince the president not to sell gold from the US treasury so he can gain a monopoly  said no  they told people he said yes
Term
The Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America scandal
Definition
oBuilding of the transcontinental railroad
oCredit Mobilier overcharged the government and taxpayers
oBribed the officials – Schuyler Colfax – VP
Term
Whisky Ring
Definition
Tax on whisky – people that were collecting the tax were taking bribes from the whisky manufacturers
Term
Gilded Age
Definition
Name applied by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner to the late 1800s American to describe the corruption and greed that lurked below the surface of society
Term
A Republican Split
Definition
Stalwarts – strongly opposed civil service reform; led by Conkling
Half-breeds were the opposite
Term
Garfield Assassination
Definition
Assassinated by Guiteau
Term
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Definition
established to administer examinations to those people seeking government jobs  step towards reform  only applied to 10% of political jobs
Term
Mugwumps
Definition
Algonquin word for “big chiefs”; name for reformers that supported Grover Cleveland
Term
National Grange
Definition
National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry; organization founded by Oliver Kelley to tackle economic and political issues concerning farmers
Term
Cooperatives
Definition
organizations in which groups of farmers pool their resources to buy and sell goods
Term
Interstate Commerce act
Definition
prohibited railroads from giving secret rebates to large shippers or charging more for short hauls then for long hauls on the same line
Term
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Definition
alliance leader
Term
Gold standard
Definition
system in which each dollar was equal to and redeemable for a set amount of gold
Term
Bland-Allison Act/Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Definition
both required the government to buy silver each month and mint it into coins
Term
Panic of 1893
Definition
economic depression; caused by the end of a RR company; Cleveland said it was because of the Sherman Antitrust Act
Term
Election of 1896
Definition
McKinley v. Bryan; McKinley victory led to the end of Populism and the Populist Party
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