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Chapter 17
Classification of Organisms
31
Biology
10th Grade
03/04/2010

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Term
biodiversity
Definition
the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems
Term
taxonomy
Definition
science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Term
taxon
Definition
any particular category in a taxonomic system
Term
domain
Definition
largest category in the biological taxonomic system
Term
kingdom
Definition
subsets below the domain level
Term
phylum
Definition
subset below the kingdom level
Term
division
Definition
subset below the kingdom level in plants only
Term
class
Definition
subset below the phylum/division level
Term
order
Definition
subset below the class level
Term
family
Definition
subset below the order level
Term
genus
Definition
subset below the family level
Term
species
Definition
subset below the level genus
Term
binomial nomenclature
Definition
the two name naming system that involves identifying organisms by their genus and species
Term
subspecies
Definition
refer to variations of a species that live in different areas
Term
systematics
Definition
classifying organisms based on natural relationships
Term
phylogenetics
Definition
the analysis of the evolutionary or ancestral relationships among taxa.
Term
phylogenetic diagram
Definition
diagram that looks like a family tree and shows how closely related taxa are.
Term
cladistics
Definition
a phylogenetic system that uses shared and derived characteristics for classifying
Term
shared character
Definition
a feature that all members of a group have in common
Term
derived character
Definition
a feature that evolved only within a certain group
Term
clade
Definition
term that describes a group of organisms and their ancestors
Term
cladogram
Definition
phylogenetic diagram that is developed using cladistics
Term
Bacteria
Definition
made up of small, single celled prokaryotic organisms that have a cell wall and reproduce through binary fission
Term
Archaea
Definition
single celled prokaryotic organisms that live in harsh environments and are capable of chemosynthesis
Term
Eukarya
Definition
this domain includes all eukaryotic organisms
Term
Eubacteria
Definition
kingdom that includes "true bacteria"
Term
Archaebacteria
Definition
"ancient bacteria", they are diffrent enough from true bacteria that they have their own group
Term
Protista
Definition
a kingdom for eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi
Term
Fungi
Definition
kingdom consists eukaryotes that are heterotrophic and unicellular or multicellular (molds, smuts, mildew, mushrooms).
Term
Plantae
Definition
the kingdom that includes eukaryotic multicellular plants
Term
Animalia
Definition
the kingdom that includes eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic organisms that develop from embryos
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