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Chapter 17
Study cards for LIFE 102 at CSU
23
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/16/2015

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Term
Hypothesis's
Definition
One gene - one enzyme
One gene - one protein
One gene - one polypeptide
Term
Transcription produces:
Definition
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Term
Translation
Definition
The synthesis of a polypeptide
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
The sited of translation
Term
Primary Transcript
Definition
The initial RNA transcription from any gene
Term
Central Dogma
Definition
Concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Term
Codon
Definition
Three DNA bases (like a DNA "word")
Along mRNA molecule
Read by translation machinery in 5' to 3' direction
Term
Reading Frame
Definition
Is a way of dividing the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule into a set of consecutive triplets
Term
RNA Synthesis
Definition
Same base-pairings except uracil (U) from thymine
Term
The Promoter
Definition
The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches
Signals the initiation of RNA synthesis
Term
Transcription Unit
Definition
The stretch of DNA that is transcribed
Term
Transcription Factores
Definition
Mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription
Term
Transcription Initiation Complex
Definition
Completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to a promoter
Term
TATA Box
Definition
Promoter
Crucial in forming the initiation complex in eukaryotes
Term
The Ends of Pre-mRNA
Definition
5' end receives a modified nucleotide 5' cap
3' end gets a poly-A tail
Term
Functions of The Ends
Definition
Seem to facilitate the export of mRNA
Protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes
Help ribosomes attach to the 5' end
Term
Introns
Definition
Noncoding regions of nucleotides
Term
Exons
Definition
Nucleotides of coding, eventually expressed
Term
RNA Splicing
Definition
Removes introns and joins exons,, creating an mRNA molecule with continuous coding sequence
Term
Transfer RNA
Definition
tRNA
Helps cell translate an mRNA message into protein
Term
Termination
Definition
A stop codon in the mRNA reaches the A site of the ribosome
Term
A Site
Definition
Accepts a protein called a release factor
Term
A Release Factor
Definition
Causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid
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