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Chapter 16 Innate Immunity
210 Gavino ICC
24
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
07/22/2013

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Term
Innate Immunity
Definition
-present at birth
-acts against all microbes in the same way
-No specific recognition
Term
Host Resistance
Definition
(Immunity) is the ability to ward off diseases caused by microbes and their products
Term
Host Susceptibility
Definition
lack of resistance or immunity
Term
First Line of Defense
Definition
Barrier
Term
Physical Defenses
(1st line)
Definition
1.Intact skin
2.Lacrimal apparatus
3. Mucous Membranes and Cilia
4. Saliva
5. Urine
6. Defecation and Vomiting
Term
Chemical Factors
(1st line)
Definition
Sebum-protective acidic film over skin
Lysozyme-antimicrobial in tears, perspiration, saliva, and tissue fluid
Gastric Juice- destroy bacteria and most toxins in stomach
Term
Normal Microbiota
Definition
-antagonize and compete with microbes
Term
Second line of defense
Definition
1.Phagocytosis
2.Inflammation
3.Fever
4.Antimicrobial Substances
Term
Phagocytosis
(2nd line)
Definition
certain white blood cells are stimulated by chemical signals to ingest microbes or particles
Term
Phagocytes
(2nd line)
Definition
1. Neutrophils
2.Eosinophils
3.Monocytes
4.Histiocytes
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
-active during initial infection
-mobile (leave blood and enter infected tissue)
-60-70% of leukocytes
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
-some are phagocytic
-produce toxic proteins against parasites
Term
Monocytes
Definition
mature into macrophages that roam tissue
Term
Histiocytes
Definition
fixed in certain organs
-protect the lungs, liver, bronchial tubes, and spleen
Term
Inflammation
(2nd line)
Definition
redness, pain, heat and swelling
-confines and destroys microbes then repairs the tissue by....
1.Vasodialtion
2. Enhances phagocytosis
3. Tissue repair
Term
Vasodilation
(2nd line)
Definition
(caused by histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins)
-damaged cells release chemical signals that increase the permeability of blood vessels
Term
Tissue Repair
(2nd line)
Definition
-repair of stromal (supporting and parenchymal (functioning tissues)
-forms scar
Term
Fever
(2nd line)
Definition
speed up body reactions that aid repair
Term
Interleukin-1
Definition
(cytokine) signals the hypothalamus to reset body temp
-stimulates T-cells
-Intensifies Interferon
(2nd line causes fever)
Term
Antimicrobial
(2nd line)
Definition
1.Interferon (IFNs)
2.Complement System
Term
Interferon (IFNs)
Definition
is an antiviral protein released lymphocytes (macrophages) to inhibit viral replication and protect nearby cells against viral infection

(Antimicrobial Substance)
Term
Complement System
Definition
-serum proteins activated in a cascade
-protective outcome
1.Opsoniztion
2. Inflammation
3. Cytolysis

(Antimicrobial Substances)
Term
Opsonization
Definition
-attract phagocytes by serum proteins coating bacterial cells for detection

(Complement System)
Term
Cytolysis
Definition
Serum proteins attack and lyse microbial membrane

(complement System)
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