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Chapter 16
Exam 2
36
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/26/2014

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Term
Visceral mass
Definition
contains digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive organs
Term
Mantle
Definition
Dorsal body wall that covers visceral mass
Term
Mantle cavity
Definition
The space between the mantle and body wall
Term
Ctenidia
Definition
A respiratory organ (gill) found in molluscs
Term
Radula
Definition
A "chainsaw" like structure used in feeding.
Term
Hydraulics
Definition
Burrowers use hydraulics to bury themselves
Term
Periostracum
Definition
Outer layer of shell
Term
Prismatic layer
Definition
Middle layer; made of calcium carbonate
Term
Nacreous layer
Definition
Innermost layer; laid down in thin layers
Term
Pearl
Definition
when an irritant is lodged between the shell and mantle; layers of nacre are secreted around the foreign material.
Term
Open circulatory system
Definition
Consists of a heart, blood vessels, and blood sinuses
Term
Metanephridia
Definition
Tubular excretory organ
Term
Nephrostome
Definition
Opening of nephridium
Term
Trochophore larva
Definition
Free-swimming larva that emerges from the egg
Term
Veliger
Definition
A uniquely molluscan larval stage.
Term
head-foot
Definition
contains the feeding, cephalic sensory, and locomotor organs
Term
Auricle
Definition
Term
Blood sinuses
Definition
Term
Torsion
Definition
A twisting process that alters the relative poisition of the shell and the position of the visceral and pallial organs by 180 degrees
Term
Apex
Definition
Contains the oldest and smallest whorl; highest point
Term
Whorl
Definition
A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell
Term
Fouling
Definition
The problem of wastes being washed back over the gills
Term
Planospiral
Definition
All the whorls are in a single plane; primitive state
Term
Conispiral
Definition
Each whorl is to the side of the previous one; provides more compactness.
Term
Pneumostome
Definition
The opening of the mantle cavity to the outside
Term
Detorsion
Definition
The anus opens to the right side or even to the posterior
Term
Siphuncle
Definition
Cord of tissue running through the shell of a nautiloid, connecting all chambers with the animal's body
Term
Pen
Definition
A flattened flexible internal support in a squid
Term
Siphon
Definition
A tube-like structure in which water flows
Term
Complex eyes
Definition
Term
Hectocotylus
Definition
Specialized arm that serves as a male reproductive organ in cephalopods
Term
Chromatophores
Definition
Cells in the skin that contain pigment granules
Term
Adductor muscles
Definition
Strong muscles that draws the shell of bivalves together
Term
Umbo
Definition
The bulge, the oldest part of the shell with growth occurring outward in rings
Term
Ink sac
Definition
Empties into the rectum; it contains an ink gland that secretes sepia when the animal is alarmed.
Term
Bioluminescence
Definition
Some deep water cephalopods emit light
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