Term
| What type of changes can occur in the breast due to hormonal changes in the body? |
|
Definition
Pubertal
Fibrocystic
Gynecomastia |
|
|
Term
| Fibrocystic changes in the breast can create what features? |
|
Definition
Fibrosis
Cystic change
Sclerosing adenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Female like enlargement of male breast |
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors of carcinoma in the breast? |
|
Definition
Female are greater
Family history
White-African-east asian
Premalignant breast changes
Cause other cancers |
|
|
Term
| What type of premalignant changes occur due to carcinoma of the breast? |
|
Definition
Papillomatosis
Atypical hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| what other cancers can result from carcinoma of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age should women start getting breast exams? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most tumors of breast cancer metastases to where? |
|
Definition
Axillary lymphnodes
Internal mammary lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| The most common metasteses site from breast cancer is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to lymph node metasteses, tumors may tend to spread to where? |
|
Definition
Brain
Lung
Liver
Adreenal
Bone |
|
|
Term
| What quadrant of the breast are most tumors found? |
|
Definition
| Upper lateral quadrant (45%) |
|
|
Term
| What quadrants are the breast divided into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nipple is what percentage to get cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical presentation of breast carcinoma? |
|
Definition
Breast mass discovered by palpatation
Tumor discovered by mammagraphy
Painful (mastodynia) breast
Nipple retraction, skin retraction, discharge
Metastases |
|
|
Term
| Lesions of the male breast are? |
|
Definition
Gynecomastia
carcinoma
100x less common than women
Identical to carcinoma of female breast |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common form of breast cancer for men? |
|
Definition
| Invasive ductal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| What frequency probes do we use for breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for accessory nipple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the breast tissue called that ends in the axilla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of breast tissue between the skin and the chest wall? |
|
Definition
subcutaneous layer
mammary layer
retromammary layer |
|
|
Term
| _______________ & _____________ tissue are thin? |
|
Definition
subcutaneous
retromammary |
|
|
Term
| fat is described how sonographically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| volume and echogenicity of the breast tissue depends on pt's? |
|
Definition
general inherited breast tissue pattern
functional state of the breast |
|
|
Term
| Are lypoma's are echogenic or hypoechoic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are cooper's ligaments? |
|
Definition
| echogenic tissue that holds the breast in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
includes the functional portion of the breast as well as the surrounding tissue
emanate from the nipple in pattern like spokes of a wheel |
|
|
Term
| the mammary layer contain how many lobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most tumors originate where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mammary layer contains hundred's of _________ in each breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the terminal ductal-lobular unit formed? |
|
Definition
| the terminal ducts and the acini form small lobular units called TDLU |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the site of origin of nearly all pathologic processes that occur within the breast |
|
|
Term
| the space between the lobes is _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the functional unit of the breast? |
|
Definition
| terminal ductal-lobular unit |
|
|
Term
| stroma are located where? |
|
Definition
| between and within the lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense connnective tissue, loose connective tissue and fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscles are posterior to the retromammary layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle is located superolateral and posterior to the pectoralis major? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles are described how sonographically? |
|
Definition
hypoechoic interface between the retromammary layer and ribs
striated |
|
|
Term
| appearance and pattern of breast tissue vary? |
|
Definition
from woman to woman
depending on stage in life |
|
|
Term
| in young females the breast appear? |
|
Definition
fibrous
reflects a dense echogenis pattern |
|
|
Term
| in the pregnant or lactating female the breast appears? |
|
Definition
| glandular portions of the breast proliferate in both density and volume |
|
|
Term
| as the woman ages the breast appears? |
|
Definition
replaced with fat
more hypoechoic |
|
|
Term
| where does the lymphatic drainage flow to? |
|
Definition
| to the axillary lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| what is it called when a male has enlarged breast tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when you have xxy (both male and female parts)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of males get breast cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what males are at a higher risk for breast cancer? |
|
Definition
klinefelter's syndrome
male to female transexual
hx of chest wall irradiation
hx of orchitis or testicular tumor
liver disease
genetic predisposition |
|
|
Term
| When does breast development start? |
|
Definition
| before the onset of menstration and continues for the first 2 yrs of menstrual cycles |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 catagories for breast imaging? |
|
Definition
breast cancer screening
diagnostic imaging
diagnostic and interventional breast procedures |
|
|
Term
| breast cancer screening involves? |
|
Definition
monthly self examination by pt
regular clinical breast by a physician
yearly screening mammography over 40 |
|
|
Term
| what are the main imaging tools for breast evaluation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The __________________________ has established guidelines for standardized description and reporting of breast lesions identified with mammography? |
|
Definition
| American College of Radiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast imaging reporting and data system |
|
|
Term
| Mammography usually starts at what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pertinent pt information should include when doing an us? |
|
Definition
pt age
risk factors for breast cancer
location of lumps
other symptoms
hx of trauma to breast |
|
|
Term
| what is the most often reason for breast us? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| information to be provided from physician when ordering an us? |
|
Definition
lump size
location with in the breast
onset and duration of the breast prob
LMP |
|
|
Term
| when inspecting the breast for us what are you looking for? |
|
Definition
nipple retraction
skin thickening (edema, scar,peau d ornage)
signs of inflammation
contustion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
round, oval
smooth, soft
easily moves |
|
|
Term
| fibroadenomas are usually? |
|
Definition
similar in shape to cyst
often quite firm and rubbery |
|
|
Term
| breast cancers are usually? |
|
Definition
painless
lobular or irregular shape
uneven in surface contour
poorly movable |
|
|
Term
| US is the primary tool in breast imaging for women under the age of ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what annotaion do you use for breast? |
|
Definition
clock face method
zone method
depth of lesion
radial & antiradial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 circles around nipple
labeled 1,2,3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the procedurs for tissue diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palpable tremor or vibration |
|
|
Term
| It is malignant when what is larger than what? |
|
Definition
more taller than wider
AP greater than width |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are clinical signs/ sympt of FCC? |
|
Definition
| lumps and pain that fluctuate with every monthly cycle |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common benign breast tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fibroadenoma is characterized? |
|
Definition
in young women
stimulated by estrogen
firm, rubbery, mobile mass
grow slowly
hyperechoic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fatty tissue
soft mass with poor margins
tough to see in fatty tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by infection, trauma, obstruction of duct
occurs during lactation
enlarged, red, tender
treat with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of glandular tissue
difficult to see on us
clinically nipple discharge and retraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single or multiple
acute- poor defined border
mature- well defined border
pain, swelling, reddening of skin
febrile |
|
|
Term
| malignancies take how long to develope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| malignancies are most likely located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from connective tissue
rapid growth
invade fibrous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arise from epithelium in the ducts and glands
have tentacles |
|
|
Term
| what makes up 80% of breast cancer? |
|
Definition
IDC
invasive ductal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| ductal carcinoma in situ- DCIS |
|
Definition
intraductal carcinoma
no spread outside ducts
100% cure rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
grows in the direction of nipple
rashlike appearance
any deformity of nipple suggest pagets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common
intraductal tumor with extensive fibrous growth |
|
|
Term
| lobular carcinoma in situ- LCIS |
|
Definition
not cancer due to low malignancy
lobular neoplasia
precancerous |
|
|
Term
| invasive lobular carcinoma- O:C |
|
Definition
begins in the lobule
extends into the fatty tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
injected with dye
taken up by lymphatic system to the 1st sentinel node
sample taken from node to be analyzed |
|
|
