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Chapter 15: Supplementary Terms
Female Reproductive System
66
Medical
Not Applicable
11/13/2011

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Term
ADNEXA
Definition
Appendages, such as the adnexa uteri-the ovaries, oviducts, and uterine ligaments
Term
AREOLA
Definition
A pigmented ring, such as the dark area around the nipple of the breast
Term
GREATER VESTIBULAR GLAND
Definition
A small mucus-secreting gland on the side of the vestibule near the vaginal opening. Also called Bartholin gland
Term
HYMEN
Definition
A fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance of the vagina
Term
MONS PUBIS
Definition
The rounded, fleshy elevation anterior to the pubic joint that is covered with hair after puberty
Term
OOCYTE
Definition
An immature ovum
Term
PERIMENOPAUSE
Definition
The period immediately before menopause; begins at the time of irregular menstrual cycles and ends 1 year after the last menstrual period; averages 3 to 4 years
Term
VESTIBULE
Definition
The space between the labia minora that contains the opening of the urethra, vagina, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands
Term
CYSTOCELE
Definition
Herniation of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina
Term
DYSPAREUNIA
Definition
Pain during sexual intercourse
Term
FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE BREAST
Definition
A condition in which there are palpable lumps in the breast, usually associated with pain and tenderness. These lumps or "thickenings" change with the menstrual cycle and must be distinguished from malignant tumors by diagnostic methods
Term
HIRSUTISM
Definition
Excess hair growth
Term
LEUCORRHEA
Definition
White or yellowish discharge from the vagina. Infection and other disorders may change the amount, color, or odor of the discharge
Term
MICROCALCIFICATION
Definition
Small deposit of calcium that appears as a white spot on mammograms. Most microcalcifications are harmless, but some might indicate breast cancer
Term
PROLAPSE OF THE UTERUS
Definition
Downward displacement of the uterus with the cervix sometimes protruding from the vagina
Term
RECTOCELE
Definition
Herniation of the rectum into the wall of the vagina; also called proctocele
Term
CULDOCENTESIS
Definition
Puncture of the vaginal wall to sample fluid from the rectouterine space for diagnosis
Term
EPISIORRAPHY
Definition
Suture of the vulva or suture of the perineum cut in an episiotomy (incision to ease childbirth)
Term
LAPAROSCOPY
Definition
Endoscopic examination of the abdomen; may include surgical procedures, such as tubal ligation
Term
MYOMECTOMY
Definition
Surgical removal of a uterine leiomyoma
Term
SPECULUM
Definition
An instrument used to enlarge the opening of a passage or cavity to allow examination
Term
TELETHERAPY
Definition
Delivery of radiation to a tumor from an external beam source, as compared to implantation of radioactive material (brachytherapy) or systemic administration of radionuclide
Term
AROMATASE INHIBITOR (AI)
Definition
Agent that inhibits estrogen production; used for postmenopausal treatment of breast cancers that respond to estrogen. Examples are exemestane (Aromasin), anastrozole (Arimidex), and letrozole (Femara)
Term
BISPHOSPHONATE
Definition
Agent used to prevent and treat osteoporosis; increases bone mass by decreasing bone turnover. Examples are alendronate (Fosamax) and risedronate (Actonel)
Term
HER2 INHIBITOR
Definition
Drug used to treat breast cancers that show excess receptors (HER2) for hman epidermal growth factor. Example is trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Term
PACLITAXEL
Definition
Antineoplastic agent derived from yew trees used mainly in treatment of breast and ovarian cancer; Taxol
Term
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR (SERM)
Definition
Drug that acts on estrogen receptors. Examples are tamoxifen (Nolvadex) and raloxifene (Evista), which is also used to prevent bone loss after menopause
Term
AFTERBIRTH
Definition
The placenta and membranes delivered after birth of a child
Term
ANTEPARTUM
Definition
Before childbirth, with reference to the mother
Term
BRAXTON-HICKS CONTRACTIONS
Definition
Light uterine contractions that occur during pregnancy and inctease in frequency and intensity during the third trimester. They strengthen the uterus for delivery
Term
CHLOASMA
Definition
Brownish pigmentation that appears on the face during pregnancy; melasma
Term
FONTANEL
Definition
A membrane-covered space between cranial bones in the fetus that later becomes ossified; a soft spot. Also spelled fontanelle
Term
INTRAPARTUM
Definition
Occurring during childbirth
Term
LINEA NIGRA
Definition
A dark line on the abdomen from the umbilicus to the pubic region that may appear late in pregnancy
Term
LOCHIA
Definition
The mixture of blood, mucus, and tissue discharged from the uterus after childbirth
Term
MECONIUM
Definition
The first feces of the newborn
Term
PERIPARTUM
Definition
Occurring during the end of pregnancy or the first few months after delivery, with reference to the mother
Term
POSTPARTUM
Definition
After childbirth, with reference to the mother
Term
PREMATURE
Definition
Describing an infant born before the organ systems are fully developed; immature
Term
PRETERM
Definition
Occurring before the 37th week of gestation; describing an infant born before the 37th week of gestation
Term
PUERPERIUM
Definition
The first 42 days after childbirth, during which the mother;s reproductive organs usually return to normal (root: puer means "child")
Term
STRIAE ATROPHICAE
Definition
Pinkish or gray lines that appear where skin has been stretched, as in pregnancy; stretch marks, striae gravidarum
Term
UMBILICUS
Definition
The scar in the middle of the abdomen that marks the attachment point of the umbilical cord to the fetus; the navel
Term
VERNIX CASEOSA
Definition
The cheese-like deposit that covers and protects the fetus (literally "cheesy varnish")
Term
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
Definition
The condition in which the head of the fetus is larger than the mother's pelvic outlet; also called fetopelvic disproportion
Term
CHORIOCARCINOMA
Definition
A rare malignant neoplasm composed of placental tissue
Term
GALACTORRHEA
Definition
Excessive secretion of milk or continued milk production after breastfeeding has ceased. Often results from excess prolactin secretion and may signal a pituitary tumor
Term
HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
Definition
A benign overgrowth of placental tissue. The placenta dilates and resembles grape-like cysts. The neoplasm may invade the uterine wall, causing rupture. Also called hydatid mole
Term
HYDRAMNIOS
Definition
An excess of amniotic fluid; also called polyhydramnios
Term
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS
Definition
A deficiency of amniotic fluid
Term
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
Definition
Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth so that blood continues to shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Term
PUERPERAL INFECTION
Definition
Infection of the genital tract after delivery
Term
ABORTIFACIENT
Definition
Agent that induces abortion
Term
ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN
Definition
A fetal protein that may be elevated in amniotic fluid and maternal serum in cases of certain fetal disorders
Term
APGAR SCORE
Definition
A system of rating an infant's physical condition immediately after birth. Five features are rated as 0, 1, or 2 at 1 and 5 minutes after delivery, and sometimes thereafter. The maximum possible score at each test interval is 10. Infants with low scores require medical attention
Term
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI)
Definition
Placement of active semen into the vagina or cervix for the purpose of impregnation. The semen can be from a husband, partner, or donor
Term
CESAREAN SECTION
Definition
Incision of the abdominal wall and uterus for delivery of a fetus
Term
ENDOMETRIAL ABLATION
Definition
Selective destruction of the endometrium for therapeutic purpose; done to relieve excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
Term
EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION (ECMO)
Definition
A technique for pulmonary bypass in which deoxygenated blood is removed, passed through a circuit that oxygenates the blood, and then returned. Used for selected newborn and pediatric patients in respiratory failure with an otherwise good prognosis
Term
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)
Definition
Clinical procedure for achieving fertilization when it cannot be accomplished naturally. An oocyte (immature ovum) is removed, fertilized in the laboratory, and placed as a zygote into the uterus or fallopian tube (ZIFT, zygote intrafallopian transfer). Alternatively, an ovum can be removed and placed along with sperm cells into the fallopian tube (GIFT, gamete intrafallopian transfer)
Term
OBSTETRICS
Definition
The branch of medicine that treats women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium. Usually combined with the practice of gynecology
Term
PEDIATRICS
Definition
The branch of medicine that treats children and diseases of children (root ped/o means "child")
Term
PELVIMETRY
Definition
Measurement of the pelvis by manual examination or radiographic study to determine whether delivery of a fetus through the vagina will be possible.
Term
PITOCIN
Definition
Trade name for oxytocin; used to induce and hasten labor.
Term
PRESENTATION
Definition
Term describing the part of the fetus that can be felt by vaginal or rectal examination. Normally the head presents firs (vertex presentation), but sometimes the buttocks (breech presentation), face, or other part presents first.
Term
RHO-GAM
Definition
Trade name for a preparation of antibody to the Rh(d) antigen; used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in cases of Rh incompatibility.
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