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Chapter 15 Sect. 4
Empire of the Czars
49
History
12th Grade
03/12/2009

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Cards

Term

serfdom

 

Definition
tenant farmers are bound to a plot of land and to the will of their landlord
Term
autocracy
Definition
a goverment  in which one person ruls with unlimited authority
Term

Alexander I

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Definition
who ruled from 1801 to 1825
Term

Decembrist Revolt

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Definition

Russian officers staged a revolt in December 1825 that was crushed by the Russian government

Term

Nicholas I

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Definition
to stengthen the autocracy and suppress all opposition
Term

Alexander II

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Definition
Son of Nicholas I, undertook the task of saving the autocracy and perventing a revolution
Term
emancipation
Definition

freeing of a group of people ( in Russia, it was the serfs)

Term
mirs
Definition
village communities that were granted varying amounts of the landlords’ holdings for which they had to undertake a 50-year mortgage
Term
zemstvos
Definition
locally elected assemblies that took charge of provincial matters such as schools and health care
Term

Czar Liberator

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Definition
nickname for Czar Alexander II.  He received this name for freeing the serfs and for his reforms
Term

Alexis

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Definition
 son of Czar Nicholas II, suffered from hemophilia (disease that prevents the normal clotting of Blood)
Term

Grigori Rasputin

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Definition
hypnotist who had huge influence over the czar
Term

Michael Bakunin

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Definition
wanted anarchy and believed that governments, families, laws, and property should not exist
Term
anarchy
Definition
the absence of government
Term
Nihilists
Definition
believed Russia would have to destroy the czarist autocracy and build a completely new society
Term

populism

Definition
 populists believed that peasants would eventually lead a revolution, overthrow the czar, and establish a socialistic society
Term

Alexander III

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Definition
He succeeded his father by ruling Russia and vowed to maintain the old order and crush revolutionaries.
Term
Russification
Definition
became an official policy of intolerance and persecution of non-Russian peoples
Term

Eastern Orthodoxy

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Definition
Russia’s predominant religion
Term
pogroms
Definition
organized, bloody massacres of a minority group
Term

Nicholas II

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Definition
Alexander III son and new czar of Russia.
Term
Alexandra
Definition

plotting against Tsar Alexander III

Term
Mensheviks
Definition
believed that Russia needed to develop into an industrial state with a sizable working class before a socialist revolution could occur
Term
Bolsheviks
Definition
believed that a small party of professional revolutionaries could use force to make a socialist society
Term

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin)

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Definition
He led the Bolsheviks.
Term

Russo-Japanese War

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Definition
war from 1904-1095 between Japan and Russia over the control of Manchuria
Term

Battle of Mukden

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Definition
a battle during the Russo-Japanese war that was the largest land battle in history to that point
Term

Battle of Port Arthur

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Definition
naval battle in the Russo-Japanese War in which Japan humiliated Russia’s navy
Term

Theaodore Roosevelt

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Definition
president of the USA at that time
Term
soviets
Definition
worker’s councils that were formed to voice the worker’s grievances (elected government councils)
Term
national duma
Definition
legislature, made law by Czar Nicholas II
Term

October Manifesto

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Definition
issued by the Czar, which granted civil rights to citizens and allowed the Duma to make laws
Term
“God save the Czar.”
Definition
a hymn that people sang on the day Czar Alexander proclaimed an end to serfdom
Term

Prince Peter Kropotkin

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Definition

He became the personal page of Alexander II.

Term

Slavs

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Definition
comprised nearly two-thirds of the population of Russia
Term

Poland

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Definition
ruled by Russia that was granted a constitution from Czar Alexander I
Term

Napoleonic Wars

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Definition
had impact on Russian officers who fought in it.  The Officers were impressed by the reforms in Western Europe
Term
Autocracy
Definition
a government in which one person rules with unlimited authority
Term
Secret police
Definition
had unlimited power, under Czar Nicholas I, to arrest and imprison people without trial and to censor the press
Term

Crimean War

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Definition
Russian losses in the war weakened the Russian Empire
Term
Russian Empire
Definition
stretched from Europe to the Pacific Ocean and existed until the Czar autocracy was discontinued when Lenin came to power
Term
Emancipation
Definition
freeing of a group of people (in Russia, it was the serfs)
Term
Pale
Definition
an area of the Russian Empire that the government forced Jews to live in
Term

Constitutional Monarchy

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Definition
form of government in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
declared an end to slavery in the United States including the Confederacy, and discouraged France and England from entering the war on the Confederate side
Term

Manchuria

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Definition
a region, now in Northeastern China, that was fought over between Russia and Japan in the Russo-Japanese War
Term

St. Petersburg

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Definition
the location of Bloody Sunday
Term

Bloody Sunday

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Definition
January 22, 1905, 200,000 workers peacefully surrounded the czar’s palace with a petition demanding reform.  Hundreds of workers were killed when Palace soldiers fired on them.
Term

Peter the Great

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Definition
Peter was tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725. His self-given title was Peter the Great though he was officially Peter I.
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