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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
Psychology: Themes and Variations Nelson
44
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/19/2013

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Term
Negative Symptoms
Definition
Behavioural deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, poverty of speech
Term
Positive Symptoms
Definition
Behavioural excesses or peculiarities like hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour, wild flights of ideas
Term
Responding to Stress
Definition
Potentially stressful objective events leads to:
Subjective cognitive appraisal, leads to:
1. emotional
2. physiological
3. behavioural
responses
Term
Mood disorders
Definition
Class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes
Term
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Definition
Particularly sever deterioration of adaptive behaviour
Marked by emotional indifference and social withdrawal
Term
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia
Definition
Idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms
Term
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Definition
AKA multipersonality disorder
Coexistence in one person of 2 or more largely complete, usually very different personalities
- each personality has it's own name and memories and is unaware of the other personalities
- transition occurs suddenly
Term
Schizophrenic Disorder
Definition
Class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and deterioration of adaptive behaviour
- disturbed thought lies at core
- personal hygiene, hear voices, aggressive, highly irrational
Term
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Definition
Chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat; free floating
- worry constantly about minor matters
- hope to ward off negative events
- dread decisions
Term
Bipolar Disorder
Definition
Experience of one or more manic episodes followed by periods of depression
Term
Manic Episode
Definition
Persons mood becomes elevated to euphoria, self esteem skyrockets
Term
Dysthymic Disorder
Definition
Chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of a major depressive episode
- milder symptoms than major depression
Term
Major Depressive Disorder
Definition
People show persistent feelings or sadness and depair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
- give up enjoyable activities
- alterations in apetite and sleep
- lack energy
- self-esteem drops
- anxiety and irritability
Term
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Definition
Type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern
Term
Post Partum Disorder
Definition
Type of depression that sometimes occurs after childbirth
Term
Delusions
Definition
False beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality
- thinking you are a tiger
Delusions of grandeur- people maintain that they are famous and important
Term
Hallucinations
Definition
Sensory Perceptions that occur in absence of real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input
eg. hearing voices
Term
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Definition
Striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity
Term
Obsessive- compulsive disorder
Definition
Persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)
- people feel like they've lost control of their minds
Term
Agoraphobia
Definition
Fear of going out in public places
- some will go out only with a trusted companion
Term
Medical Model
Definition
Proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behaviour as a disease
- mental illness as in psychological disorder
- now viewed with more sympathy
Term
Dissociative Fugue
Definition
People lose their memory of their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity
-forget name and family
-remember matters unrelated to identity such as how to drive
Term
Panic Disorder
Definition
Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
Term
Diagnosis
Definition
Distinguishing one illness from another
Term
Etiology
Definition
Apparent causation and developmental history of illness
Term
Prognosis
Definition
Forecast about probable course of an illness
Term
Somatization Disorder
Definition
Marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin
-often coexist with depression and anxiety
-typically resist idea that symptoms are result of psych distress
Term
Hypochondriasis
Definition
Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness
-disbelief when told their fine
-over-interpret signs of illness
-coexist with anxiety and depression
Term
Conversion Disorder
Definition
Significant loss of physical function, with no apparent organic basis, usually a single organ system
- loss of vision, paralysis
-triggered by stress
Term
Anxiety Disorders
Definition
Class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
the study of the distribution of a mental or physical disorder in a population
Term
Prevalence
Definition
The percentage of the population that exhibits a disorder during a specific time period
Term
Stereotypes of Psychological Disorders
Definition
1. They are incurable: majority of ppl improve with treatment and have normal lives
2. people are violent/dangerous: only modest association found, violent cases attract media
3. People have bizarre behaviour and are very different: small majority
Term
Phobic Disorder
Definition
persistent and irrational fear of object or situation that presents no realistic danger
- fears interfere with everyday life
-realize its irrational but cannot calm
- even imagining can trigger anxiety
Term
Somatoform Disorders
Definition
Physical ailments that cannot be fully explained due to psych factors
- not faking illness
Term
Dissociative Amnesia
Definition
Sudden loss of memory of important personal info that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting
- for single traumatic event or extended period around event
Term
Dissociative Disorders
Definition
Class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in sense of identity
Term
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Definition
Impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive and irresponsible behaviour that reflects a failure to accept social norms
- maladaptive traits: rare genuine affection for others, sexually promiscuous, tolerate little frustration
Term
Personality Disorders
Definition
Class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning
1. anxious/ fearful cluster
2. odd/eccentric cluster
3. dramatic/ impulsive cluster
Term
Culture- Bound disorders
Definition
Abnormal syndroms found only in a few cultural groups
- Koro: fear that penis will withdraw into abdomen
- Windigo: crave human flesh
Term
Insanity
Definition
When a mental disorder makes a person unable to distinguish right from wrong
Term
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Definition
Dominated by delusions or persecution, along with delusions of grandeur
- think they have many enemies that want to oppress themC
Term
Cyclothymic Disorder
Definition
Exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance
Term
Criteria of Abnormal Behaviour
Definition
Deviance: behaviour deviates from societal norms (cross dresser)
Maladaptive Behaviour: every day behaviour impaired (drug disorder)
Personal Distress: depression
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