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Chapter 14
Mendel and the Gene Idea
33
Biology
Not Applicable
05/06/2005

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Term
trait
Definition
variant for a character
Term
true-breeding
Definition
all offspring are of the same variety
Term
hybridization
Definition
mating of two varieties
Term
Monohybrid cross
Definition
cross that tracks the inheritance of a single character
Term
P generation
Definition
true-breeding parents
Term
F1 generation
Definition
hybrid offspring of P generation
Term
F2 generation
Definition
offspring of F1 generation
Term
alleles
Definition
genes
Term
dominant allele
Definition
fully expressed gene in organisms appearance
Term
recessive allele
Definition
gene that has no noticeable effect on organism's appearance
Term
law of segregation
Definition
separation of alleles into separate gametes
Term
homozygous
Definition
pair of identical alleles for a character
Term
heterozygous
Definition
organisms having two different alleles for a gene
Term
phenotype
Definition
organism's appearance traits
Term
genotype
Definition
organism's genetic traits
Term
dihybrid cross
Definition
mating of parental varieties differing in two characters
Term
law of independent assorment
Definition
independent segregation of each pair of alleles during gamete formation
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
F1 hybrids have an appearance somewhere in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
Term
complete dominance
Definition
phenotypes of heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable
Term
codominance
Definition
both alleles are separately manifest in the phenotype
Term
pleiotropy
Definition
ability of a gene to affect an organism in many ways
Term
epistasis
Definition
gene at one locus alter sthe phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
Term
quantitative characters
Definition
characteristics like skin color and height
Term
polygenic inheritance
Definition
additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character
Term
norm of reaction
Definition
phenotypic range
Term
multifactorial
Definition
many factors both genetic and environmental collectively influence phenotype
Term
carriers
Definition
individuals that transmit the recessive allele to their offspring
Term
cystic fibrosis
Definition
disease that causes thick build up of mucus that coats certain cells
Term
Tay-Sachs disease
Definition
disease caused by dysfunctional enzyme that fails to break down brain lipids
Term
Sickle Cell disease
Definition
disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin
Term
Huntington's disease
Definition
degenerative disease of the nervous system
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
A procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is drawn out of the uterus through a needle inserted in the abdomen. The fluid is then analyzed to detect genetic abnormalities in the fetus or to determine the sex of the fetus.
Term
chrionic villus sampling (CVS)
Definition
sunctioning off a small amount of fetal tissue from the placenta to examine any abnormalities
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