Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 14
Pathology
56
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
04/04/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
pathology
Definition
the study of disease
Term
etiology
Definition
the study of the cause of a disease
Term
pathogenesis
Definition
the development of disease
Term
infection
Definition
colonization of the body by pathogens
Term
disease
Definition
an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally
Term
transient microbiota
Definition
may be present for days, weeks, or months
Term
normal microbiota
Definition
permanently colonize the host
Term
commensalism
Definition
one benefits, other unaffected
Term
mutualism
Definition
both benefits
Term
parasitism
Definition
one benefits at the expense of the other
Term
opportunistic pathogens
Definition
not dangerous until there is a cut or injury
Term
microbial antagonism
Definition
a competition between microbes
Term
normal microbiota
Definition
protects host by: occupying niches that pathogens might occupy, producing acids, and producing bacteriocins
Term
probiotics
Definition
live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
Term
normal microbiota on the human body
Definition
mouth, eyes, nose, throat, skin, large intestine, urinary and respiratory systems.
Term
symptoms
Definition
a change in the body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease
Term
sign
Definition
a change in the body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease
Term
syndrome
Definition
a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
Term
communicable disease
Definition
a disease that is spread from one host to another
Term
contagious disease
Definition
a disease that is easily spread from one host to another
Term
noncommunicable disease
Definition
a disease that is not transmitted from one host to another
Term
incidence
Definition
fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time
Term
prevalence
Definition
fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time
Term
sporadic disease
Definition
disease that occurs occasionally in a population
Term
endemic disease
Definition
disease constantly present in a population
Term
epidemic disease
Definition
disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time
Term
pandemic
Definition
world wide epidemic
Term
herd immunity
Definition
immunity in most of the population
Term
acute disease
Definition
symptoms develop rapidly
Term
chronic disease
Definition
disease develops slowly
Term
subacute disease
Definition
symptoms between acute and chronic
Term
latent disease
Definition
disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive
Term
local infection
Definition
pathogens are limited to a small area of the body
Term
systemic infection
Definition
an infection throughout the body
Term
focal infection
Definition
systemic infection that began as a local infection
Term
sepsis
Definition
toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection
Term
bacteremia
Definition
bacteria in the blood
Term
septicemia
Definition
growth of bacteria in the blood
Term
toxemia
Definition
toxins in the blood
Term
primary infection
Definition
acute infection that causes the initial illness
Term
secondary infection
Definition
opportunistic infection after a primary infection
Term
subclinical disease
Definition
no noticeable symptoms or signs
Term
predisposing factors
Definition
make the body more susceptible to disease
Term
continual sources of infection
Definition
humans, animal, nonliving
Term
direct contact
Definition
requires close association between infected and susceptible host
Term
indirect contact
Definition
spread by fomites
Term
droplet
Definition
transmission via airborne droplets
Term
vehicle transmission
Definition
transmission by an inanimate reservoir
Term
vectors
Definition
arthropods that transmit disease
Term
mechanically
Definition
arthropods carry pathogens on feet and biologically pathogen reproduces in vector
Term
nosocomial infections
Definition
acquired by hospitals (5-15% patients)
Term
epidemiology
Definition
the study of where and when disease occured
Term
morbidity
Definition
incidence of a specific notifiable disease
Term
mortality
Definition
deaths from notifiable disease
Term
morbidity rate
Definition
number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period
Term
mortality rate
Definition
number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time
Supporting users have an ad free experience!