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Chapter 13
States of Matter
20
Chemistry
10th Grade
02/26/2008

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Term
Kinetic-molecular theory
Definition
describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion
Term
Elastic collision
Definition
a collision in which no kinetic energy is lost
Term
Temperature
Definition
measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of matter
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the movement of one material through another
Term
Pressure
Definition
force per unit area
Term
Barometer
Definition
instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
Term
Pascal
Definition
a force of one newton per square meter 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Term
Atmosphere
Definition

unit of pressure equal to 760mm Hg

Term
Dispersion force
Definition
weak forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in electron clouds
Term
Dipole-dipole force
Definition

attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

Term
Hydrogen bond
Definition
dipole-dipole attraction between a hydrogen atom and a small, highly electronegative atom
Term
Viscosity
Definition
resistance of a liquid to flow
Term
Surface tension
Definition
measure of the inward pull by particles in the interior of a liquid
Term
Surfactant
Definition
compounds that lower the surface tension of water
Term
Crystalline solid
Definition
solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric, 3-D structure
Term
unit cell
Definition

the smallest arrangement of connected points that can be repeated in three directions to form the lattice

Term
amorphous solid
Definition
the particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
Term
vapor pressure
Definition
the pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid
Term
phase diagram
Definition
a graph of pressure versus temperature that shows phases
Term
triple point
Definition

represents the point at which three phases of a substance can coexist

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