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Chapter 13
Essential Medical Terminology 3rd Edition, Respiratory System
130
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/12/2013

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Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
nose, nares, cavity separated by septum
Term
Pharynx
Definition
throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth
Term
Larynx
Definition
voice organ, containing the vocal cords
Term
Lung
Definition
two cone-shaped spongy organs consisting of alveoli, blood, vessels, nerves, and elastic tissue. Each is enveloped in a double-folded membrane called the pleura
Term
Trachea
Definition
windpipe
Term
Parietal Pleura
Definition
the serous membrane that lines the thoracic (chest) cavity
Term
Visceral Pleura
Definition
membrane that covers the lungs. This membrane and the parietal membrane are close together. Between them is a thin film of lubricating fluid that prevents friction when they slide against each other
Term
Bonchus (pl., Bronchi)
Definition
one of the larger passages conveying air to (right or left principal lobe) and within the lungs
Term
Bronchioles
Definition
one of the subdivisions of the branched bronchial tree
Term
Alveolus (pl., alveoli)
Definition
a small saclike dilation (outpocketing) of the alveolar ducts
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing
Term
Abscess (lung)
Definition
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues
Term
Anthracosis
Definition
accumulation of carbon deposits in the lung due to breathing smoke or coal dust, also known as black lung disease
Term
ARDS
Definition
adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome
Term
Asbestosis
Definition
lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles. Associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer
Term
Asphyxiation
Definition
suffocation
Term
Asthma
Definition
spam and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of the adult lung
Term
Bradypnea
Definition
abnormally slow breathing
Term
Bronchiectasis
Definition
chronic dilation of one or more bronchi
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
inflammation of one or more bronchi
Term
Byssinosis
Definition
lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, also known as brown lung disease
Term
Carcinoma
Definition
a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases
Term
Coccidioidomycosis
Definition
a respiratory infection caused by spore inhalation of Coccidioides immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza; also called valley fever
Term
COPD
Definition
chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
Term
Cor Pulmonale
Definition
heart failure from pulmonary disease
Term
Coryza
Definition
profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold
Term
Cough
Definition
a forceful expiration preceded by a preliminary inhalation. Usually caused by irritation of the airways from dust, smoke, infection, or mucus. Can be described as croupy, rasping, harsh, hollow, loose, dry, productive, brassy, bubbly, or wracking
Term
Cystic Fibrosis
Definition
generalized hereditary disorder of infants, children, and young adults associated with malfunctioning of the pancreas and frequent respiratory infections
Term
Deviated Septum
Definition
defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction
Term
Diphtheria
Definition
an acute bacterial infection primarily affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, or larynx accompanied by fever and pain
Term
Effusion
Definition
escape of a fluid; exudation or transudation
Term
Emphysema
Definition
a pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs
Term
Epistaxis
Definition
hemorrhage from the nose: nosebleed
Term
Expectoration
Definition
the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs
Term
Fibrosis
Definition
formation of fibrous or scar tissue (in lungs) usually caused by previous infections
Term
Flail Chest
Definition
chest wall moves paradoxically with respiration, owing to multiple fractures of the ribs
Term
"Flu"
Definition
popular name for influenza
Term
Hay Fever
Definition
a hypersensitive state, e.g., allergy to pollen
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
blood in the pleural thoracic cavity
Term
Hiatal Hernia
Definition
protrusion of part of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus defect of the diaphragm
Term
Hiccup
Definition
sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm
Term
Histoplasmosis
Definition
fungal infection of lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling TB
Term
Hyaline
Definition
glossy, translucent
Term
Hyaline Membrane Disease
Definition
lack of surfactant due to a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles. Leading cause of neonatal deaths
Term
Influenza
Definition
an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract; serious for the very young and old
Term
Laryngitis
Definition
inflammation of the larynx
Term
Larygotracheo-bronchitis
Definition
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Term
Lung Abscess
Definition
pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection
Term
Pertussis
Definition
acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by bacterium Bordetella pertusis. Commonly called whooping cough
Term
Pharyngitis
Definition
inflammation of the pharynx
Term
Pleural Effusion
Definition
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which compresses the underlying portion of the lung, resulting in dyspnea
Term
Pleurisy
Definition
inflammation of the pleura
Term
Pneumoconiosis
Definition
any lung disease, e.g., anthrocosis, silicosis, caused by permanent deposition of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
a collection of gas or air in the pleural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall or the visceral pleura
Term
Rhinitis Rhinorrhea
Definition
inflammation of the nasal membrane; "runny nose"
Term
SIDS
Definition
sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death; cause unknown. Associated failure of synapse of nerves to activate the diaphragm
Term
Sinusitis
Definition
inflammation of a sinus
Term
Sneeze
Definition
spasmodic contraction of muscles causing air to be expelled forcefully through the nose and mouth
Term
Streptococcal Throat
Definition
sore throat caused by the spore bacteria Streptococcus
Term
Tonsillitis
Definition
inflammation of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils
Term
Tuberculosis (TB)
Definition
an infectious disease, marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis in tissues of the lung
Term
URI
Definition
upper respiratory infection, general term for colds or "flu"
Term
Valley Fever
Definition
see coccidioidomycosis
Term
Wheezing
Definition
a high-pitched, whistling sound from air movement through narrowed bronchioles during exhalation; symptom of asthma and COPD
Term
Whooping Cough
Definition
a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, marked by peculiar paroxysms of cough, ending in a prolonged crowing or whooping respiration
Term
Aerosol
Definition
a medication that can be sprayed from a container to relieve bronchial distress, especially asthma
Term
Anoxia
Definition
without oxygen
Term
Apnea
Definition
temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia
Term
Bifurcation
Definition
a division into two branches, e.g. bronchi
Term
Blood Gases
Definition
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the blood
Term
Bronchodilator
Definition
an agent capable of dilating the bronchi
Term
Bronchoscope
Definition
an instrument for inspecting the bronchi
Term
Bronchoscopy
Definition
lung examination using a bronchoscope
Term
Bronchospasm
Definition
spasmodic contraction of bronchi muscles, as in asthma
Term
Cheyne-Stokes
Definition
breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breathes slightly or stops altogether. The cycle repeats.
Term
CO2
Definition
carbon dioxide; an odorless, colorless gas resulting from oxidation of carbon, formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs
Term
Consolidation
Definition
solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia
Term
CPR
Definition
cardiopulmonary resuscitation; artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
a bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
Term
Dysphonia
Definition
voice impairment; difficulty in speaking
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
labored or difficult breathing
Term
Endotracheal (ET)Tube
Definition
an airway catheter inserted in the trachea during surgery and for a temporary airway in emergency situations
Term
Expectorant
Definition
an agent that promotes expectoration (loosening of secretions)
Term
Hemoptysis
Definition
the spitting of blood or of blood-stained sputum (from the lungs)
Term
Hiatus
Definition
a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm
Term
Hilus
Definition
part of lung where vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter
Term
Hypercapnia
Definition
an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
Term
Hyperventilation
Definition
increased rate and/or depth of respiration, e.g., from anxiety
Term
Hyposensitization
Definition
the process of rendering hyposensitive, e.g., exposing a patient to an offending substance to reduce his or her sensitivity to the substance
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
insufficient oxygen
Term
IPPB
Definition
intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation
Term
Kussmaul Breathing
Definition
gasping, labored breathing, also called air hunger
Term
Laryngectomy
Definition
excision of the larynx
Term
Laryngoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the interior larynx with an instrument called a laryngoscope
Term
Lavage of sinuses
Definition
the irrigation or washing out of sinuses
Term
Lobectomy
Definition
excision of a lobe of the lung
Term
Mantoux (Test)
Definition
TB skin test
Term
O2 (Oxygen)
Definition
constitutes about 20% of atmospheric air; inhaled and carried in the blood
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
difficult breathing, except in the upright position
Term
Oximetry
Definition
measurement of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
Term
Palpation
Definition
application of hands and fingers to external surfaces to detect abnormalities
Term
Parenchyma (Lung)
Definition
the essential elements or "working parts" of an organ, e.g., alveoli in the lung
Term
Peak Expiratoory Flow Rate
Definition
measurement of how fast a person can exhale using a small handheld device to monitor treatment in asthma or COPD
Term
Percussion and Auscultation (P&A)
Definition
striking the body (e.g., chest) with short, sharp blows of the fingers, and listening through a stethoscope for the sounds produced. Technique used by practitioners
Term
Perfution
Definition
the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply nutrients and oxygen
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
air or gas in the pleural space; from trauma or from deliberate introduction; may be spontaneous
Term
Postural Drainage
Definition
drainage by placing the patient's head downward so that the trachea will be inclined below the affected area and the secretions mobilized
Term
PPD
Definition
purified protein derivative (TB test)
Term
Productive Cough
Definition
cough with spitting of material from the bronchi
Term
Pulmonary Function
Definition
Tests to assess ventilatory status
Term
Rales, Rhonchi
Definition
an abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, indication some pathologic condition
Term
Rarefaction
Definition
condition of being less dense, e.g., decreased density in x-ray films
Term
Residual Air
Definition
air remaining or left behind after expiration
Term
Respirator (ventilator)
Definition
a device for giving artificial respiration or to assist in pulmonary ventilation
Term
Rhinoplasty
Definition
plastic surgery of the nose
Term
Scan (lung, pleura)
Definition
an image or a "picture" produced using radioactive isotopes, e.g., B-mode ultrasonography
Term
SMR
Definition
submucous resection, excision of a portion of the submucous membrane of the nose to correct a defect
Term
SOB
Definition
shortness of breath
Term
Spirometer (spirometry)
Definition
an instrument for measuring air taken into and expelled from the lungs; spirometry is the measurement of lung capacity
Term
Sputum
Definition
matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth
Term
Tachypena
Definition
very rapid respiration
Term
Thoracentesis
Definition
surgical puncture of the chest wall into the parietal cavity to remove fluid
Term
Tine Test
Definition
TB test
Term
Tracheostomy
Definition
creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, e.g., insertion of a tube to facilitate ventilation
Term
Tracheotomy
Definition
incision of the trachea through the skin and muscles of the neck
Term
Ventilator
Definition
an apparatus to assist in pulmonary ventilation; see also respirator
Term
Vital Capacity
Definition
amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after deep inspiration (pulmonary function test)
Term
Wheeze
Definition
breathing with a raspy or whistling sound. Common symptom of asthma
Term
X-ray Examination
Definition
visual record made using x-rays, for diagnostic examination of the chest; may be AP (anteroposterior) or Lat (side) views
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