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Chapter 13
Chapter 13 Summary
13
Biology
9th Grade
02/13/2013

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Term
gene
Definition
the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein
Term
DNA
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
Term
nucleotide
Definition
an organic compound that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the basic building block of a nucleic-acid chain
Term
purine
Definition
a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine
Term
pyrimidine
Definition
a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil
Term
DNA replication
Definition
the process of making a copy of DNA
Term
DNA helicase
Definition
an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
Term
RNA
Definition
ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
Term
gene expression
Definition
the manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits
Term
transcription
Definition
the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template
Term
translation
Definition
the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
Term
codon
Definition
in DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal
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