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Chapter 13
N/A
24
Psychology
12th Grade
10/01/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Anxiety
Definition
State of physiological arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness
Term
Anxiety disorder
Definition
Group of disorders that are characterised by chronic feelings of anxiety, distress, nervousness and apprehension or fear
Term
Phobia
Definition
An excessive or unreasonable fear directed towards a particular object, situation or event that causes significant distress
Term
Specific phobia
Definition
Disorder characterised by significant anxiety provoked by exposure to a specific feared object or situation
Term
Anticipatory anxiety
Definition
The gradual rise in anxiety levels as a person thinks about being exposed to a phobic stimulus in the future
Term
Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
Definition
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and works throughout the brain to make postsynaptic neurons less likely to fire
Term
Benzodiazepines
Definition
Group of drugs commonly referred to as minor tranquillisers as they reduce physiological arousal and promote relaxation
Term
Psychodynamic model
Definition
Based on the assumption that all mental disorders are caused by unresolved psychological conflicts that occur in the unconscious part of the mind
Term
Defence mechanism
Definition
The unconscious process by which the conscious part of our mind, ego, protects itself against anxiety arising for unresolved internal conflicts
Term
Oedipal complex
Definition
A developmental conflict that describes the unconscious desire that a male child develop towards his mother
Term
Displacement
Definition
Involves directing feelings away from the object or person that causes them to a substitute object or person that is less threatening
Term
Behavioural model
Definition
Phobias are learned through experience and may be acquired, maintained or modified by environmental factors such as punishment or rewards
Term
Cognitive model
Definition
Focuses on how the individual processes information about the phobic stimulus and related events
Term
Cognitive bias
Definition
A tendency to think in a way that involves errors of judgement and faulty decision-making
Term
Attentional bias
Definition
The tendency to selectively attend to threat-related stimuli rather than to neutral stimuli
Term
Memory bias
Definition
Occurs when recall or recognition is better for negative or threatening information than for positive or neutral information
Term
Interpretive bias
Definition
The tendency to interpret or judge ambiguous stimuli and situations in a threatening manner
Term
Catastrophic thinking
Definition
Type of negative thinking in which an object or event is perceived as being far more threatening or dangerous than it really is
Term
Specific environmental triggers
Definition
Specific objects or situations in the environment produce an extreme fear response
Term
Parental modelling
Definition
Modelling the behaviour of either parent as they do not have knowledge to know whether their behaviour appropriate or rational
Term
Transmission of threat information
Definition
Refers to the delivery of information from parents, other family members etc, about the potential threat or actual danger of a situation
Term
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Definition
Combines cognitive and behavioural therapies to help people manage mental health problems and disorders
Term
Systematic desensitization
Definition
A kind of behavioural therapy that aims to replace an anxiety response with a relaxation response when an individual with a specific phobia confronts a fear stimulus
Term
Fear hierarchy
Definition
A list of feared objects or situations that are ranked from least to most anxiety-producing
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