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Chapter 13
Terms from Chapter 13
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/19/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
social psychology
Definition
the study of the causes and consequences of sociality
Term
social behavior
Definition
how people interact with each other
Term
influence
Definition
how people change each other
Term

social cognition

 

 

 

Definition
how people understand each other
Term
aggression
Definition
behavior whose purpose is to harm another
Term
frustration-aggression hypothesis
Definition
a principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted
Term
cooperation
Definition
behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit
Term
group
Definition
a collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others
Term
prejudice
Definition
a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership
Term
discrimination
Definition
positive or negative behavior toward another person based on their group membership
Term
deindividuation
Definition
a phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values.
Term
diffusion of responsibility
Definition
the tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way.
Term
altruism
Definition
behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself
Term
passionate love
Definition
an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction
Term
comparison level
Definition
the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship
Term
kin selection
Definition
the process by which evolution selcts for individuals who coooperate with their relatives
Term
reciprocal altrusim
Definition
behavior that benefits another with the expectiation that those benefits will be returned in the future
Term
mere exposure effect
Definition
the tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure
Term
equity
Definition
a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal.
Term
companionate love
Definition
an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner's well being
Term
social exchange
Definition
the hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they percieve a favorable ratio of costs to benefits
Term
social influence
Definition
the ability to control another person's behavior
Term
norm
Definition
a customary standard for behavior that is widely shared by members of a culture.
Term
normative influence
Definition
A phenomenon that occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate.
Term
norm of reciprocity
Definition
the unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them.
Term
door-in-the-face technique
Definition
a strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behavior
Term
conformity
Definition
the tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it.
Term
obedience
Definition
the tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do
Term
attitude
Definition
an enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event
Term
belief
Definition
an enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event.
Term
informational influence
Definition
a phenomenon that occurs when a person's behavior provides information about what is good or right.
Term
persuasion
Definition
a phenomenon that occurs when a person's attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason
Term
systematic persuasion
Definition
the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason
Term
heuristic persuasion
Definition
the process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion
Term
foot-in-the-door technique
Definition
a technique that involves a small request followed by a larger one.
Term
cognitive dissonance
Definition
an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inonsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs.
Term
social cognition
Definition
the processes by which people come to understand others.
Term
stereotyping
Definition
the process by which people draw inferences about ohers based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong.
Term
perceptual confirmation
Definition
a phenomenon that occurs when observers percieve what they expect to believe
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
the tendency for people to cause what they expect to see.
Term
subtyping
Definition
the tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them.
Term
attribution
Definition
an inference about the cause of a person's behavior
Term
correspondence bias
Definition
the tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person's behavior was caused by the situation
Term
actor-observer effect
Definition
the tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others.
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