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Chapter 13
Urinary System
70
Medical
Professional
11/06/2010

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Term
electrolyte
Definition
electricity-conducting compound in solution
Term
glomerulus
Definition
capillary network found inside each nephron
Term
hilum
Definition
narrow part of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter
Term
kidney
Definition
organ that excretes urine
Term
nephron
Definition
tine structure within the kidney in which the urine production process begins
Term
perirenal fat
Definition
fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule
Term
renal fascia
Definition
protective outer covering of the kidney
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
space between the parietal peritoneum and the muscles and bones of the peritoneum
Term
sphincters
Definition
circular muscle that surrounds a tube such as the urethra and constricts the tube when it contracts
Term
urea
Definition
natrual waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine
Term
ureters
Definition
two tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Term
urethra
Definition
tube that conducts urine away from the bladder for expulsion
Term
uric acid
Definition
natural waste product of metabolism that is excreted in urine
Term
urinary bladder
Definition
temporary storage receptacle for urine
Term
urinate
Definition
passing of urine
Term
urine
Definition
water and soluble substances excreted by the kidneys
Term
void
Definition
to urinate
Term
albuminuria
Definition
presence of protein in the urine
Term
anuria
Definition
absence of urine formation
Term
calculus
Definition
a kidney stone
Term
cystalgia
Definition
pain in a bladder, most often used to signify the urinary bladder
Term
cystitis
Definition
inflammation of the bladder
Term
cystocele
Definition
hernia of the bladder
Term
cystolith
Definition
bladder stone
Term
diuretic
Definition
drug that promotes the excretion of urine
Term
dysuria
Definition
difficult or painful urination
Term
enuresis
Definition
bedwetting
Term
glomerulonephritis
Definition
renal disease characterized by inflammation of glomeruli (not the result of kidney infection)
Term
glycosuria
Definition
urinary excretion of carbohydrates
Term
hematuria
Definition
urinary excretion of blood
Term
incontinence
Definition
inability to control urine
Term
nephralgia
Definition
pain in the kidneys
Term
nephritis
Definition
inflammation of the kidney
Term
nephrolithiasis
Definition
the presence of renal calculi
Term
nephromegaly
Definition
enlargement of one or both kidneys; renomegaly
Term
nephropathy
Definition
any disease of the kidney
Term
nephroptosis
Definition
prolapse of the kidney
Term
nocturia
Definition
excessive urination at night
Term
oliguria
Definition
diminished urine production
Term
polyuria
Definition
excessive urine production
Term
pyelonephritis
Definition
inflammation of the renal or kidney pelvis due to local bacteria infection
Term
pyuria
Definition
pus in the urine
Term
renal calculus
Definition
a kidney stone
Term
renal failure
Definition
impairment of renal function, either acute or chronic, with retention of urea, creatinine, and other waste products
Term
renal hypoplasia
Definition
an underdeveloped kidney
Term
retention
Definition
the inability to empty the bladder
Term
uremia or azotemia
Definition
an exess of urea in the blood
Term
ureteritis
Definition
inflammation of a ureter
Term
urethralgia
Definition
pain in the urethra (also called urethrodynia)
Term
urethritis
Definition
inflammation of the urethra
Term
urethrostenosis
Definition
narrowing of the urethra
Term
urinary tract infection
Definition
microbial infection of any part of the urinary tract
Term
nephrologist
Definition
a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders of the kidney
Term
nephrology
Definition
medical specialty dealing with the kidneys
Term
urologist
Definition
a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders or the urniary system
Term
urology
Definition
the medical specialty dealing with the urinary system
Term
catheter
Definition
a flexible tube that enables passage of fluid from or into a body cavity
Term
cystectomy
Definition
excision of the urinary bladder
Term
cystopexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the urinary bladder
Term
cystoscopy
Definition
visual inspection of the bladder by means of an instrument called a cystoscope
Term
dialysis
Definition
filtration to remove colloidal particles from a fluid; a method of artificial kidney function
Term
diuretic
Definition
a drug that promotes the excretion of urine
Term
hemodialysis
Definition
removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane
Term
lithotripsy
Definition
treatment in which a stone in the kidney, urethra, or bladder is broken up into small particles
Term
nephrectomy
Definition
removal of a kidney
Term
nephrolithotomy
Definition
incision into the kidney to remove a calculus (kidney stone)
Term
ureteroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a ureter
Term
uterorrhaphy
Definition
suture of a ureter
Term
ureteroscope
Definition
instrument used to visually examine the ureter
Term
urinalysis
Definition
analysis of urine
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