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Chapter 13 - Blood, Heart and Circulation
Fox, Chapter 13
31
Physiology
Professional
04/19/2012

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Term
circulatory system functions (3)
Definition
1. transportation (gases, nutrients, wastes)
2. regulation (hormonal and temp.)
3. protection (clotting, imune)
Term
circulatory system components (2)
Definition
cardiovascular system & lymphatic system
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
1. heart: 4 chambered pump
2. blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
1. lymphatic vessels, lympoid tissues, lymphatic organs (spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes)
Term
blood composition (4)
Definition
1. plasma
2. erythrocytes (RBC)
3. leukocytes (WBC)
4. platelets
Term
plasma
Definition
1. plasma proteins: albumin, globulins
2. gamma globulins: antibodies, fibrinogen
Term
erythrocytes (RBC)
Definition
1. carry oxygen
2. lack nuclei
3. 120-day life span
4. contain hemoglobin and transferin
Term
leukocytes (WBC)
Definition
1. have nuclei and mitochondria
2. granular leukocytes
3. aggranular leukocytes
Term
platelets (thrombocytes)
Definition
1. smallest formed element
2. lack nuclei
3. 5-9 days lived
4. clot blood
5. need fibrinogen
Term
antigens
Definition
1. found on the surface of cells
2. help recognize self
Term
antibodies
Definition
1. secreted by lymphocytes
2. response to foreign cells
3. marker for non-self
Term
ABO system
Definition
1. antigens on erythrocyte cell surfaces
A - has A antigen
B - has B antigen
AB - has A and B antigen
O - has neither A or B antigen
Term
Rh factor
Definition
1. positive or negative
2. antigen D
3. problems if pregnant mom is negative and baby is positive
Term
anticoagulants
(prevent clotting)
Definition
1. calcium chelators
2. heparin
3. coumarin
Term
atrioventricular valves
Definition
1. located btwn atria and ventricles
Term
semilunar valves
Definition
1. located btwn ventricles and arteries leaving the heart
Term
arteries
Definition
pulmonary and aortic
Term
cardiac cycle
Definition
1. systole: contraction
2. diastole: relaxation
Term
sinoatrial node (SA node)
Definition
1. pacemaker
2. located in right atrium
3. depolarize spontaneously
Term
electric activity of the heart
Definition
1. voltage-gated channels
2. depolarized to threshold by action potentials from the SA node
3. action potentials spread quickly via intercalated discs (gap junctions)
Term
refractory periods
Definition
1. long refractory periods
2. atria and ventricles contract as single units; can't sustain a contraction
Term
electrocardiogram waves (4 phases)
Definition
P wave
QRS wave
S-T segment
T wave
Term
P wave
Definition
atrial depolarization
Term
QRS wave
Definition
ventricular depolarization
(atrial repolarization)
Term
S-T segment
Definition
plateau phase
Term
T wave
Definition
ventricular repolarization
(relaxation)
Term
bradycardia
Definition
1. slow heart rate, below 60 bpm
Term
tachycardia
Definition
1. fast heart rate, above 100 bpm
Term
flutter and fibrillation
Definition
flutter: extremely fast (200-300 bpm), but coordinated contractions

fibrillation: uncoordinated pumping btwn atria and ventricles
Term
lymphatic system functions
Definition
1. transports excess interstitial fluid from tissues to veins
2. produces/houses lymphocytes for immune response
3. transports absorbed fats from intestines to blood
Term
lymphatic system organs
Definition
1. tonsils
2. thymus
3. spleen
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