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Chapter 12- gene regulation & cancer
BIO 111 Exam 3
33
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/09/2013

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Term
what is reproductive cloning?
Definition
produces an individual exactly like the original
Term

true or false:

both plant and animal cloning is prohibited.

Definition
false- plant cloning is routine; animal cloning is prohibited
Term

true or false:

the first animal cloned was a pig named Dolly in 1990.

Definition
false- the first animal cloned was a sheep named Dolly in 1997
Term
what is therapeutic cloning?
Definition
the desired end is mature cells for specialization and in treating human illnesses
Term
how can therapeutic cloning done?
Definition

via embryonic stem cells and

adult stem cells

Term

true or false:

the body contains many cells that differ in structure and function.

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

activity of every gene accounts for specialization.

Definition
false- activity of selected genes accounts for specialization
Term

true or false:

housekeeping genes govern functions common to only specific cells.

Definition
false- housekeeping genes govern functions common to all cells.
Term

true or false:

only certain genes are active in cells that perform specialized functions. 

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

cancer is a genetic disease.

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

only one mutation is needed to disrupt redundant regulatory pathways that prevent normal cells from becoming cancerous.

Definition
false- several mutations are needed to disrupt regulatory pathways
Term

true or false:

it takes several years for cancer to develop.

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

the likelihood of cancer decreases with age.

Definition
false- the likelihood of cancer increases with age
Term
what mechanisms of gene expression occurs in the nucleus?
Definition

1. chromatin condensation

2. mRNA transcription

3. mRNA processing 

Term
what mechanisms of gene expression occur in the cytoplasm?
Definition

1. delay of transcription

2. duration of mRNA or protein

Term

normal cell or cancer cell?:

no contact inhibition

Definition
cancer cells
Term

normal cells or cancer cells?:

controlled growth

Definition
normal cells
Term

normal cells or cancer cells?:

contain specialized cells

Definition
normal cells
Term

normal cells or cancer cells?:

contain normal chromosomes

Definition
normal cells
Term

normal cells or cancer cells?:

do not undergo apoptosis

Definition
cancer cells
Term
what happens once tumor suppressor genes become inactive?
Definition
they no longer inhibit cell cycle nor promote apoptosis
Term

true or false:

cells that are highly specialized often become cancer cells.

Definition
false- cells that are highly specialized seldom become cancer cells
Term

true or false:

cancer is more likely to occur in cells enteringnew cell cycle.

Definition
true
Term
what is translocation of a chromosome?
Definition
a chromosomal rearrangement where a portion of a chromosome may break off and reattach to another chromosome
Term
what is the problem with translocation?
Definition
may disrupt genes that regulate cell cycle
Term
what is the philadelphia chromosome?
Definition

translocation between chromosomes

9 and 22

Term
what causes nearly 95% of chronic myelogenous leukemia (bone marrow cancer)?
Definition
translocation of chromosomes
Term
what is the "breast cancer gene?"
Definition
BRCA1
Term
when was the breast cancer gene first revealed?
Definition
1990
Term
what is BRCA2?
Definition
the second breast cancer gene
Term
BRCA1 and BRCA2 causes breast cancer in what way?
Definition
both alleles are mutant tumor suppressor genes that have mutated; if both alleles are mutated, then cancer is most likely to occur
Term
are the breast cancer genes recessive or dominant?
Definition
recessive
Term

true or false:

if both alleles are present and a mutation occurs in one, then cancer will result.

Definition
false- if one mutated allele is inherited, a mutation in the other allele is required for the predisposition of cancer to increase
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