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Chapter 12
White Racial Identity Development: Therapeutic Implications
19
Psychology
Graduate
03/15/2014

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Term
White supremacy
Definition
the belief that white people are superior to those of all other races, esp. the black race, and should therefore dominate society.
Term
Unintentional racism
Definition
subconscious, unintentional behavior, most common, biases, perceive self as moral, sense of whiteness
Term
Naiveté stage
Definition
ack of social consciousness, early childhood
Term
Acceptance stage
Definition
democratic ideal- everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed in a free society and that those who fail must bear the responsibility for their failure. Can last a lifetime. Victim blaming. Oppression denied.
Term
Resistance stage
Definition
continue to deny racism until they crumble. Stereotypes are shattered- friends w/ minorities, white sees pervasiveness of oppression & may develop negative reaction towards own race/ culture.
Term
Redefinition stage
Definition
Asking who one is in relation to one’s racial heritage, honestly confronting one’s biases and prejudices, and accepting responsibility for one’s Whiteness
Term
Internalization stage
Definition
result of forming a new social and personal identity. The individual accepts responsibility for effecting personal and social change without relying on person of color to lead the way.
Term
Contact status
Definition
people in this status are oblivious to and unaware of racism, believe that everyone has an equal chance for success, lack an understanding of prejudice and discrimination, have minimal experiences with persons of color, and may profess to be color-blind.
Term
Disintegration status
Definition
conflicts between loyalty to one’s group and humanistic ideals may manifest themselves in various ways. Avoid contact and thoughts of/ with colored people.
Term
Reintegration status
Definition
regression, (dominant ideology), minorities are blamed for their own problems
Term
Pseudo-independence status
Definition
defining nonracist white identity,
Term
Immersion/emersion status
Definition
Personal meaning of racism & white privilege a. shift focus & b. increase understanding. Relive/ experience previous emotions denied/ distorted-> rebirth→new nonracist identity
Term
Autonomy
Definition
increasing awareness of one’s own Whiteness, reduced feelings of guilt, acceptance of one’s role in perpetuating racism, and renewed determination to abandon White entitlement lead to an autonomy status. Can explore issues of racism and personal responsibility without defensiveness. “Walk the talk”. Actively seeks out interracial experiences.
Term
Conformity stage(phase)
Definition
person’s attitudes and beliefs in this phase are very ethnocentric. White person possesses limited accurate knowledge of other ethnic groups. Helping professional professes color-blindness, views counseling/ therapy theories as universally applicable.
Term
Dissonance stage (Phase)
Definition
movement into the dissonance phase occurs when the White person is forced to deal with the inconsistencies that have been compartmentalized or encounters information/ experiences at odds with denial. Personal experiences bring the individual face-to-face with his/ her own prejudices and biases. Rationalizations.
Term
Resistance and immersion stage (phase)
Definition
question and challenge his/ her own racism. Guilt also felt for having been part of the oppressive system. Racial self-hatred. May want to protect minorities from abuse. [Moves back into conformity or into introspective phase].
Term
Introspective stage
Definition
compromise of having swung from an extreme of unconditional acceptance of White identity to a rejection of Whiteness. Reformulation of what it means to be White. Seek to redefine their own identity and that of their social group.
Term
Integrative awareness stage
Definition
a. understand self as a racial/ cultural being, b. being aware of sociopolitical influences regarding racism, c. appreciating racial/ cultural diversity, and d. becoming more committed toward eradicating oppression. Formation of a nonracist White Euro-American identity emerges and becomes internalized. Person values multiculturalism.
Term
Social justice counseling
Definition
active philosophy & approach aimed at producing conditions that allow for equal access and opportunity, reducing disparities in education, health care, employment and other areas
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