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Chapter 12
STRESS
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2011

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Term
stress
Definition
occurs when a situation overwhelms a persons ability to meet the demands of the situation
Term
stimulus response
Definition
the focus on situations that cause stress is known as the stimulus view of stress
Term
response view of stress
Definition
focused on the physiological changes that occur when someone encounters an excessively challenging situation
Term
relation view of stress
Definition
stress in a particular relationship between people and the situations in which they found themselves
Term
2 major categories of stressors
Definition

major life events

 

 

daily hassles

Term
primary appraisal
Definition
an assessment of what a situation means to us, outcome determines whether an emotional response might occur
Term
secondary appraisal
Definition
when we find ourselves in a stressful situation, we try to figure out what to do about the situation, how to resolve it, or how to make the unpleasant feeling go away
Term
endocrine system
Definition
consists of the major hormone releasing glands
Term
ANS system
Definition
consists of all the neurons that serve the organs and glands (role in responses of stress & emotion)
Term
neuroendocrine system
Definition

refers to the hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress

 

(includes hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands)

Term
hypothalamus
Definition
links the nervous system and parts of the endocrine system relevant to emotions 
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
releases hormones that play a role in stress response
Term
adrenal glands
Definition
release several stress related hormones
Term
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)
Definition

releases substances called releasing factors which tell the pituitary when to release various hormones

 

...(eventually releasing cortisol-the stress hormone that is produced by the body to mobilize the boy's energy resources during stressful situations)

Term
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Definition
a generalized, nonspecific set of changes in the body that occur during extreme stress, consists of 3 stages
Term
stage 1 of GAS: alarm stage
Definition
body's emergency response to an environmental threat, mobilizes the body resources to act 
Term
stage 2 of GAS: resistance stage
Definition
organism maintains efforts to fight off or manage the threat, takes a poll physically and psychologically by diverting resources from maintenance of normal body functions
Term
stage 3 of GAS: exhaustion stage
Definition
resources for fighting off threats have been depleted and illness becomes much more likely
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the idea that unless we are being provoked by something, we are operating at a state of balance
Term
allostasis
Definition
the body achieves stability through change, emphasizes that your body would respond in many ways
Term
role of cortisol
Definition
profound effect on the hippocampus (plays a pivotal role in memory)
Term
coping
Definition
refers to anything people do to deal with or manage stress or emotions
Term
problem coping
Definition
involves strategies that aim to change the problem creating the stress
Term
emotion focused coping
Definition

regulate the experience of distress

-reappraisal

-distancing

-escape avoidance

-seeking social support

-self control

-accepting responsibility 

Term
emotional disclosure
Definition
way of coping with stress through writing or talking about the situation
Term
social support
Definition
direct effective hypothesis states that this is beneficial to mental and physical health whether or not the person is under stress
Term
psychosmatic theory: 
Definition
the idea that emotional factors can lead to the occurrence or worsening of illness
Term
physiological reactivity model
Definition
examines how sustained physiological activation associated with the stress response can affect body systems in such a way as to increase the likelihood that illness or disease occur
Term
health behavior approach
Definition
focuses on the behaviors in which people engage, such as diet, exercise, or substance abuse, that may make them more susceptible to illness or may enhance health
Term
psychoneuroimmunology
Definition
examines the relationship among the brain, thought, feeling, endocrine changes, immune system functioning
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