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Chapter 12
Psyc
37
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
personality
Definition
stable tendencies within individuals that influence how they respond to their environments
Term
trait
Definition
relatively enduring predisposition that influences our behavior across many situations
Term
psychic determinism
Definition
the assumption that all psychological events have a cause
Term
id
Definition
reservoir of our most primitive impulses
Term
ego
Definition
psyche's executive and principal decision maker
Term
superego
Definition
our sense of morality
Term
defense mechanism
Definition
unconscious maneuver intended to minimize anxiety
Term
repression
Definition
motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories or impulses
Term
denial
Definition
motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences
Term
regression
Definition
the act of returning psychologically to a younger, and typically simpler and safer, age
Term
oral stage
Definition
psychosexual stage that focuses on the mouth
Term
anal stage
Definition
psychosexual stage that focuses on toilet training
Term
phallic stage
Definition
psychosexual stage that focuses on the genitals
Term
Oedipus complex
Definition
conflict during the phallic stage in which boys supposedly love their mothers romantically and ant to eliminate their fathers as rivls
Term
Electra complex
Definition
conflict during the phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals
Term
latency stage
Definition
psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious
Term
genital stage
Definition
psychosexual stage in which sexual impulses awaken and typically begin to mature into romantic attraction toward others
Term
neo-Freudian theories
Definition
theories derived from Freud's model but that place less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force in personality and are more optimistic regarding the prospects for long-term personality growth
Term
inferiority complex
Definition
feelings of low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation for such feelings
Term
collective unconscious
Definition
according to Jung, our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations
Term
archetypes
Definition
cross-culturally universal emotional symbols
Term
social learning theorists
Definition
theorists who emphasized thinking as a cause of personality
Term
locus of control
Definition
extent to which people believe that reinforcers and punishers lie inside or outside of their control
Term
self-actualization
Definition
drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent
Term
conditions of worth
Definition
according to Rogers, expectations we place on ourselves for appropriate and inappropriate behavior
Term
factor analysis
Definition
statistical technique that analyzes the correlations among responses on personality inventories and other measures
Term
Big Five
Definition
five traits that have surfaced repeatedly in factor analyses of personality measures
Term
structured personality test
Definition
paper-and-pencil test consisting of questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways
Term
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI
Definition
widely used structured test designed to assess symptoms of mental disorders
Term
empirical (or data-based) method of test construction
Definition
approach to building tests in which researchers begin with two or more criterion groups and examine which items best distinguish them
Term
face validity
Definition
extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring
Term
rational/theoretical method of test construction
Definition
approach to building tests that requires test developers to begin with a clear-cut conceptualization of a trait and then write items to assess that conceptualization
Term
projective test
Definition
test consisting of ambiguous stimuli that examines must interpret or make sense of
Term
projective hypothesis
Definition
hypothesis that, in the process of interpreting ambiguous stimuli, examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimulus
Term
projective hypothesis
Definition
hypothesis that, in the process of interpreting ambiguous stimuli, examinees project aspects of their personality onto the stimulus
Term
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Definition
projective test consisting of ten symmetrical inkblots
Term
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Definition
projective test requiring examinees to tell a story in response to ambiguous pictures
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