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Chapter 12
Blood System
61
Medical
Graduate
10/10/2008

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Term
Agranulocytes
Definition
Leukocyte with nongranular cytoplasm
Term
Albumin
Definition
Simple protein found in plasma - helps to regulate water movement between blood and tissue
Term
Anemia
Definition
deficiency in number or quality of red blood cells
Term
Antibody
Definition
Specialized protein that fights disease; also called immunoglobulin.
Term
Anticoagulant
Definition
A drug that prevents blood from clotting
Term
Antigen
Definition
Any substance that can provoke an immune response
Term
Blood
Definition
Fluid (containing plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)circulated throughout the arteries, veins, capillaries and heart
Term
Blood types
Definition
A; B; AB; O
Term
Bone marrow biopsy
Definition
Extraction of bone marrow, by means of a needle, for observation
Term
Bone marrow transplant
Definition
Injection of donor marrow into a patient whose diseased cells have been killed through radiation and chemotherapy
Term
CBC
Definition
Complete Blood Count - most common blood count for a number of reasons
Term
Centrifuge
Definition
To separate parts of a liquid by spinning it at high speeds; blood can be centrifuged to separate plasma from blood cells
Term
Coagulation
Definition
changing of a liquid, especially blood, into a semi-solid
Term
Dyscrasia
Definition
Any disease with abnormal particles in the blood
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
Mature red blood cells
Term
Erythropenia
Definition
Disorder with abnormally low number of red blood cells
Term
ESR
Definition
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - Test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
Hormone released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
Protein in plasma that aids in clotting
Term
Globulins
Definition
Any of a family of proteins in blood plasma -OR- very scary Halloween monsters! oh, wait, forget it, that's GOBLINS. . . .nevermind. . .
Term
Granulocytes
Definition
Leukocyte with granular cytoplasm
Term
Hct
Definition
Hematocrit - Measure of red blood cells in a blood sample
Term
Hemochromatosis
Definition
Hereditary condition with excessive iron buildup in the blood
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
Protein in red blood cells essential to the transport of oxygen
Term
Hemolytic anemia
Definition
destruction of red blood cells
Term
Hemophilia
Definition
hereditary disorder with lack of clotting factor in the blood
Term
Heparin
Definition
substance in blood that prevents clotting
Term
Hgb
Definition
Hemoglobin - protein in red blood cells essential to the transport of oxygen
Term
Histamine
Definition
substance released by basophils and eosinophils: involved in allergic reactions
Term
Iron deficiency anemia
Definition
lack of iron in blood
Term
Leukemia
Definition
general term for a number of disorders with excessive white blood cells in the bloodstream and bone marrow
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
mature white blood cell
Term
Pancytopenia
Definition
condition with a low number of blood components
Term
Phlebotomy
Definition
insertion of a needle into a vein, usually for the purpose of extracting a blood sample
Term
Plasma
Definition
liquid portion of unclotted blood
Term
Platelets
Definition
thrombocyte; part of a megakaryocyte that initiates clotting
Term
PLT
Definition
platelet count - test for a number of thrombocytes in a blood sample
Term
Poikilocytosis
Definition
disorder with irregularly shaped red blood cells
Term
Prothrombin
Definition
type of plasma protein that aids in clotting
Term
PT
Definition
prothrombin time - test for ability of blood to coagulate
Term
PTT
Definition
partial thromboplastin time - test for ability of blood to coagulate
Term
Purpura
Definition
condition with multiple tiny hemorrhages under the skin
Term
RBC
Definition
red blood cell - one of the solid parts of blood formed from stem cells and having hemoglobin within; erythrocyte
Term
RH factor
Definition
type of antigen in blood that can cause a transfusion reaction
Term
RH negative
Definition
lacking Rh factor on surface of blood cells
Term
Rh positive
Definition
having Rh factor on surface of blood cells
Term
Serology
Definition
is the science that deals with the properties of serum
Term
Serum
Definition
the liquid left after blood has clotted
Term
Sickle Cell Anemia
Definition
sickle shaped red blood cells that deliver less oxygen
Term
SR
Definition
sedimentation rate - test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma
Term
Thrombocytes
Definition
platelet; cell fragment that produces thrombin
Term
Thrombocytopenia
Definition
bleeding condition with insufficient production of platelets
Term
venipuncture
Definition
insertion of a needle into a vein, usually for the purpose of extracting a blood sample
Term
WBC
Definition
White Blood Cell - one of the solid parts of blood from stem cells that plays a role in defense against disease; leukocyte
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
measure of the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample
Term
5 elements of blood
Definition
1)Plasma 2)Red Blood Cells 3) white blood cells 4)platelets 5)serum
Term
4.2 - 5.4 mm or 4-5L
Definition
The average number of red blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood for adult females
Term
4.6-6.4 mm or 5 - 6L
Definition
The average number of red blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood for an adult male
Term
3 types of granulocytes
Definition
Neutrophils, over 50%, remove unwanted particles Eosinophils, under 3%, kills parasites and controls inflammation; basophils, under 1%, release heparin and histamine
Term
Main groups of plasma protein
Definition
1)Albumin 2)Globulin 3)Fibrinogen 4)Prothrombin
Term
Two types of agranulocytes
Definition
1) lymphocytes - 25-33% - important to immune system 2) monocytes - 3-9% - destroy large unwanted particles
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