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Chapter 1
final review
47
Chemistry
8th Grade
12/17/2008

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Solid
Definition
has definite volume and definite shape
Term
Viscosity
Definition
the resistance of a liquid to flowing
Term

liquid

Definition
does not have a definite shape, but has definite volume
Term
Condensation
Definition
the change of a state from a gas to a liquid
Term

Physical Change

Definition

alters the form of a substance, but not its identity

 

EX: Blending a milkshake

*

Water vapor in the air turns to liquid water in the form of rain

Term
Chemical Change
Definition

substances combine or break apart to form new substances.

 

 

EX: Burning Wood

Term
Boiling point
Definition

the temp. at which a liquid boils 

characteristic property that can help tell similar liquids apart.

Term
element
Definition

a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into other substances

Term
Weight
Definition
the measurement of the force of gravity on an object
Term
Mass
Definition

The measurement of how much matter an object contains

 

* 

volume x density

Term

Density

Definition

the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume

*

Mass

Volume

Term
Dalton's Theory of Atoms
Definition

Atoms cannot be broken down into smaller pieces

 

In any element, all atoms are exactly alike

 

Atoms of different elements are different

 

Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form compounds

 

Atoms of each element have a unique mass

 

The masses of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio

Term
Why study two or three characteristics before identifying a substance?
Definition
Many substances share melting points, boiling points and other properties
Term
Molecule
Definition
a group of atoms that are joined together and act as a single unit
Term
chemical bonds
Definition
hold atoms together in a molecule
Term
Panning
Definition
technique used by miners to separate gold from sand and dirt
Term
chemical activity
Definition

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

 

*

Copper can be separated from surrounding material because of this

Term

Compound

Definition
pure substances formed from chemical combinations of two or more different elements
Term
Mixtures
Definition
type of matter that consists of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Term
Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?
Definition
to the right of the zig zag line
Term
What group contains the most elements?
Definition
Metals
Term
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
Definition
to the left of the zig zag line
Term
Pure Substances
Definition
made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties
Term
Atoms
Definition
Extremely small particles that compose all elements
Term
What element makes up most of the sun?
Definition
Hydrogen
Term

Why can gold be separated easily from its surrounding material?

Definition
It has a high density
Term
SI Unit for Mass
Definition
Kilogram
Term
Electrolysis
Definition
an electric current breaks the chemical bond that joins a metal and other elements in an ore
Term

How did Mendeleev create the first periodic table?

Definition
by arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass
Term
What can be predicted from an element's location on the periodic table?
Definition

the elements properties

Term

What do elements have in common?

Definition
elements have similar properties
Term
Mendeleev's prediction
Definition

three new elements would be discovered, and described their properties

 

*

twenty years later, it came true

Term
What determines how an atom interacts wiht other atmos?
Definition
the number of valence electrons
Term
Elements in a group
Definition
have the same number and arrangement of valence electrons
Term
Where are most reactive metals found in the periodic table?
Definition
Group 1, first column on left
Term
Alkaline Earth Metals
Definition

have two valence electrons in their atoms

Term
Where are valence electrons located in an atom?
Definition
farthest from the nucleus
Term

At room temp what type of elements are gases?

Definition
Nonmetal
Term

What shares characteristics with metals and nonmetals?

Definition
Metalloids
Term

What does the row of elements on a periodic table tell you about the elements?

Definition
They are in the same period
Term

What do the columns of elements on a periodic table tell you about the elements?

Definition
They are in the same family
Term
On the periodic table what indicates the number of protons in an atom?
Definition
The element's atomic number
Term
What part of an atom moves around the nucleus?
Definition
electrons
Term
What is the atomic number of an element based on?
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus
Term

Noble Gases

Definition

Elements that do not ordinarily form compounds

Term
Halogens
Definition
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
Term

Symbol

Definition
 one or two letters that represent each element
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