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chapter 11 vocab
chapter 11 vocab
14
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/27/2012

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Term
Gene
Definition
The basic unit of heredity; a sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome that encodes a protein, tRNA or rRNA molecule, or regulates the transcription of such a sequence.
Term
Locus
Definition
The position on a chromosome where a gene is located.
Term
Alleles
Definition
One of two or more alternative states of a gene.
Term
Homologous Chromosomes
Definition
A pair of the same kind of chromosome in a diploid cell.
Term
Haploid
Definition
Having only one set of chromosomes in contrast to diploid.
Term
Diploid
Definition
Having two sets of chromosomes; in animals twice the number characteristic of gametes.
Term
Sister Chromatids
Definition
One of two identical copies of each chromosome, still linked at the centromere, produced as the chromosomes duplicate for mitotic division, similarly, one two identical copies of each homologues chromosome present in a tetrad at meiosis.
Term
Centromere
Definition
A visible point of constriction on a chromosome that contains repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins. These proteins make up the kinetochore to whch microtubules attach during cell division.
Term
Meiosis 1
Definition
The first rond of cell division in meiosis; it is referred to as a "reduction division" because homologues chromosomes separate and the daughter cells have only the haploid number of chromosomes.
Term
Meiosis 2
Definition
The second round of division in meiosis during which the two haploid cells from meiosis 1 undergo a mitosis like division without DNA rplication to produce four haploid daugher cells.
Term
Synapsis
Definition
The point by point alignment (pairing) of homologous chromosomes that occurs before the first meiotic division; crossing over takes place during synapsis.
Term
Chiasma
Definition
An X-shaped figure that can be seen in the light microscope during meiosis; evidence of crossing over, where two chromatids have exchanged parts; chiasmata move to the ends of the chromosome arms as the homologues separate.
Term
Crossing Over
Definition
In meiosis the exchange of corresponding chromatid segments between homologous chromosomes; responsible for genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes.
Term
Gametes
Definition
A haploid reproductive cell.
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