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Chapter 11 Review
This is a review thing for Chapter 11 in Science.
30
Science
8th Grade
10/21/2014

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Term
Atom
Definition
Smallest amount of an element that retains the elements properties
Term
Neutrons
Definition
No charge and are formed in the nucleus
Term
Protons
Definition
Positive charge and are found in the nucleus
Term
Electrons
Definition
Negative charge and are found in an area called the electron cloud around the nucleus
Term
Atomic number
Definition
Amount of protons - and the amount of electrons in the balanced atom
Term
Fill in the blank.
The number of __________ determines what element a substance is.
Definition
Protons
Term
Fill in the blank.
The ____________ is one capital letter or one capital and one lower case letter
Definition
Symbol
Term
Fill in the blank.
The ________________ is the average number of particles in the nucleus
Definition
Atomic mass
Term
Atomic mass - atomic number =
Definition
neutrons
Term
#3 hold up 18 but bonds as if it were what?
Definition
8
Term
Period
Definition
A horizontal row in which all elements have electrons in the same energy level.
Term
Family
Definition
A vertical column where all elements have the same # of valence electrons
Term
What 3 principles is the periodic table organized around?
Definition
1. Atomic numbers increase
2. Periods have same energy levels.
3. Families have same number of valence electrons
Term
Valence electrons are the electrons in what shell?
Definition
Outer shell
Term
How many valence electrons does family 18?
Definition
8 valence electrons, the one exception is He which has 2.
Term
Chemical bond
Definition
A force that holds two or more atoms together. It may be covalent, ionic, or metallic.
Term
Electron dot diagram
Definition
It uses the atomic symbols to represent the nucleus and inner levels of electrons and dots for the valence electrons.
Term
Atoms bond in ways that will fill which shell?
Definition
Their outer shell.
Term
How will atoms bond?
Definition
By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
Sharing valence electrons. Usually single but can be double or triple.
Term
Molecules
Definition
Formed by covalent bonding.
Term
Chemical formula
Definition
It uses subscripts and element symbols to show the elements in a compound.
Term
Ion
Definition
An atom that has lost or gained valence electrons.
Term
Finish Mr. Brown's favorite joke.
An atom walks into a bar -
Definition
And tells the bartender "I've lost an electron!"
The bartender asks "Are you sure?"
The atom says "I'm positive."
Term
Ionic bonding
Definition
The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. Ionic bonding forms crystals.
Term
Metallic bonding
Definition
Metal atoms share pools of electrons
Term
What does metallic bonding allow?
Definition
Metals to conduct electricity and heat to be malleable and ductile.
Term
Metal to metal bonds what?
Definition
Metallic
Term
Nonmetal to non-metal bonds what?
Definition
Covalent
Term
Metal to nonmetal bonds what?
Definition
Ionic.
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