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Chapter 11: Positive reinforcement- Alicia Crowley
Cooper,Heron, Heward
10
Psychology
Graduate
10/19/2015

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Term
Automatic Reinforcement
Definition
Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others. For example, scratching an insect bite relieves the itch.
Term
Conditioned Reinforcer
Definition
A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers; sometimes called secondary or learned reinforcer.
Term
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
Definition
A stimulus change that, as a result of having been paired with many other punishers, functions as punishment under most conditions because it is free from the control of motivating conditions for specific types of punishment.
Term
Positive reinforcement
Definition
Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions.
Term
Positive reinforcer
Definition
A stimulus whose presentation or onset functions as a reinforcement.
Term
Premack principle
Definition

A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as a reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior

Term
Reinforcer assessment
Definition
Refers to a variety of direct, empiracle methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers.
Term
Response-deprivation hypothesis
Definition
A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement
Term
Stimulus preference assessment
Definition
A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and there presumed value as reinforcers.
Term
Unconditioned reinforcer
Definition
A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with the stimulus.  Unconditioned reinforcers are the product of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny). Also called primary or unlearned reinforcer.
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