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Chapter 11-Liver/GB 2
Chapter 11-Liver/GB 3
21
Medical
Graduate
10/12/2012

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Cards

Term
an enlarged liver with a smooth tender edge suggests
Definition
inflammation such as hepatitis, or venous congestion, as in right sided heart failure,
Term
an enlarged liver that is firm or hard and has an irregular edge or surface suggests
Definition

malignancy. 

 

there may be one or more nodules. the liver may or may not be tender. 

Term
in some people, especially those with a lanky build the liver tends to be 
Definition
elongated so that the right lobe is easily palpable as it projects downward towards the iliac crest. 
Term
such an elongation of the liver is sometimes called
Definition

Riedel's lobe.

 

represents a variation in shape, not an increase in liver volume or size. 

 

 

Term

this finding is common when the diaphragm is low. (COPD). the liver edge may be readily palpable well below the costal margin. 

 

Percussion, however, reveals a low upper edge also, and the vertical span of the liver is normal. 

Definition
Downward Displacement of the LIver by a Low Diaphragm. 
Term
this most often involves the sigmoid colon and then resembles a left sided appendicitis. 
Definition
Acute Diverticulitis
Term
epigastric tenderness and rebound tenderness are usually present, but the abdominal wall maybe soft. 
Definition
acute pancreatitis
Term
signs are maximal in the RUQ. Check for murphy's sign
Definition
Acute cholecystitis
Term

Right lower quadrant signs are typical of actue appendicitis but may be absent early in the course. 

 

explore other portions of the right lower quadrant as wel as theright flank. 

Definition
Acute Appendicitis. 
Term

tenderness associated with peritoneal inflammation is more severe than visceral tenderness. Muscular ridigity and rebound tenderness are frquently but not necessairly present. 

 

generalized peritonitis can cause exquisitie tenderness throughout the abdomen, together with border like muscular rigidity. 

Definition
peritoneal inflammation. 
Term

frequently bilateral, the tenderness is usually maximal just above the inguinal ligaments. 

 

 

Definition

actue salpingitis

 

on pelvic examination, motion of the uterus causes pain.

Term

unilateral or bilateral upper or lower abdomen.

 

abdominal pain and tendernes may represent this. when unilateral, it may mimic  actue cholecystitis or appendicitis. 

 

rebound tenderness and rigidity are less common; chest signs are usually present. 

Definition
acute pleurisy
Term
tenderness may originate in the abdominal wall. when the patient raises the head and shoulders, this tenderness persists. 
Definition
abdominal wall tenderness
Term
wheras tenderness from a deeper lesion (protected by tightened muscles) decreases. 
Definition
abdominal wall tenderness
Term
usually the discomfort is dull with no muscular rigidity or rebound tenderness.
Definition

visceral tenderness

 

a reasurring explanation to thepatient may prove quite helpful. 

Term

these are grating sounds with respriatory variation. 

 

they indicate inflammation of the peritoneal surface of an organ, as in liver cancer, chlamydial or gonococcal perihepatitis, recent liver biopsy, or splenic infarct. 

 

 

Definition

friction rubs

 

 

*when a systolic bruit accompanies a hepatic friction rub, suspect carcinoma of the liver. 

Term
it is a soft humming noise with both systolic an diastolic components. It indicates increased collateral circulation between portal and systemic venous systems, as in hepatic cirrhosis. 
Definition
Venous Hum
Term
this type of bruit suggests carcinoma of the liver and or alcoholic hepatitis. 
Definition
hepatic bruit
Term
this type of bruit with both systolic and diastolic components suggests partial occlusion of the aorta or large arteries. partial occlusion of a renal artery may explain hypertension. 
Definition
arterial bruit.
Term
these sounds are increased in early intestinal obstruction.
Definition
bowel obstruction or diarrhea
Term
these sounds are decreased, then absent, as in 
Definition

adynamic ileus and peritontis. 

 

sit down and listen for 2 min or longer to see if sounds are absent. 

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