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Chapter 1
Research Methods 1
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2015

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Science is only ___ way of examining human processes, and science helps us to know if:
Definition

-> ONE

->If ou ideas aobut the world are wrong

Term
What are the other ways of acquiring knowledge? (4)
Definition
  • Tenacity 
  • Authority
  • Reason
  • Empiricism
Term
What is Tenacity?
Definition
Believing something simply because it is what we have long believed
Term
What is Authority?
Definition
Relying on other people as our source of knowledge and beliefs
Term
What is reason?
Definition
Rests on the use of logic and rational argument to reach a conclusion about how things "must be"
Term
What is Empiricism?
Definition
The process of acquring knowledge directly through observation and experience
Term

Science as a way of knowing

 

Scientists rely on: ______, _____, and _____

e.g. .. . . . . 

Definition

Authority 

e.g Other scientists

Reasoning

e.g, logic and inductive/deductive reasoning

Empiricism 

e.g., systematic observations 

Term
What is science?
Definition
The process of systematically gathering and evaluating empirical evidence to answer questions and test ideas
Term
What are the Goals of Science?
Definition
  • description
  • Explanation 
  • prediction 
  • control 
Term

Explanation 

Scientists seek not only to describe Phenomena but also:

Definition
understand why it occurs
Term

Explanation

What is a Hypothesis?

Definition
A tentative proposition about the causes or outcome of an event or, more generally, about how variables are related
Term

Explanation

What is a theory?

Definition
A set of FORMAL statements that secifies HOW and WHY variables or events are related
Term
Causal inferences are possible when three conditions have been met:
Definition
  1. Covariation. - as X changes, Y changes
  2. Temporal order - change in X occurs before change in Y
  3. Abesnse of plausible alternative explanations - Other factors that could ahve driven the change in Y can be ruled out.
Term

The Scientific Approach 

Assumes...

Definition
That truth is discoverable
Term

The Scientific Approach 

is grounded in . . . 

Definition
Systematic empiricism
Term

The Scientific Approach



Addresses:

Definition
Testable questions
Term

The Scientific Approach:


Strives for...

Definition


Accuracy and Objectivity

Term

The Scientific Approach

Requires  . . . 

Definition
clear definitions and operationism
Term
The scientific approach involves:
Definition
public reporting - ideally in refereed journals
Term
The Scientific approach is _____, not ______
Definition

tentative, not absolute

-theories are challenged and refined 

Term
The scientific approach is ______-________
Definition

Self- Correcting

-Operational definitions aid in replication

Term
The scientific approach is only _____ source of knowledge
Definition

ONE

-Restricted to empirical questions

Term
What are the two worlds in our study of behaviour and experience?
Definition

-Objective, Physical world

-Subjective world of personal psychological experience

Term

Studying behaviour and Experience

The challenge:

Definition
To explore andunderstand scientifically the behaviours as well as the experiences of ourselves and others
Term

Behaviour: A road into the subective experience


Marker Variable:

Definition
an event that occurs along with the process we are studying
Term
Skepticism:
Definition
An outlook that involves questioning the validity of claims before deciding whether to accept them
Term
Skepticism used with critical thinking helps us:
Definition
Evaluate the soundness of the studies and conclusions presented in research reports
Term

**black heading

Ask Yourself.. . . . 

Definition

What claim is being made?

What is the source of the claim?

Can I gather info about source credibility?

What supporting evidence is offered?

What is the quality of the evidence?

Are there plausible alternative explanations for the findings?

Are the interpretations of the findings reasonable?

What additional evidence is needed to reach a clearer conclusion?

Given the current state of the evidence, what conclusion is most reasonable?

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