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Chapter 1
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33
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/09/2014

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Term
matter
Definition
the physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.
Term
property
Definition
any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types.
Term
atoms
Definition
the almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter
Term
molecules
Definition
two or more atoms are joined together in specific shapes
Term
gas
Definition
no fixed volume or shape. conforms to it, and can be compressed
Term
liquid
Definition
distinct volume no shape
Term
solid
Definition
definite shape n volume
Term
pure substance
Definition
matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample (water and table salt)
Term
elements
Definition
substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances
Term
compound
Definition
substances composed of two or more elements
Term
mixtures
Definition
combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity
Term
law of constant composition
Definition
the elemental composition of a compound is always the same
Term
heterogeneous mixtures
Definition
vary in texture and appearance.
Term
homogeneous
Definition
uniform throughout
Term
physical properties
Definition
can be ovserved without changing the identity
Term
chemical properties
Definition
descrive the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances.
Term
intensive properties
Definition
do not depend on the amount of sample being examined and are particularly useful in chemistry; used to identify substances
Term
extensive properties
Definition
depend on the amount (mass and volume)
Term
physical change
Definition
changes its phsycial appearance but not composition; changes state
Term
changes of state
Definition
i.e. liquid to solid. liquid to gas, solid to liquid....
Term
chemical change or reaction
Definition
transformed into a chemically different substance
Term
temperature
Definition
measure of the hotness or coldness of an object;physical property; determines the direction of heat flow
Term
Kelvin to Celsius conversion
Definition
K = C + 273.15
Term
Density
Definition
mass / volume
Term
exact numbers
Definition
those whose values are known exactly
Term
inexact numbers
Definition
those whose balues have some uncertainty
Term
Precision
Definition
measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another
Term
accuracy
Definition
how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or "true" value.
Term
standard deviation
Definition
reflects how much the indiviual measurements differ from the average
Term
sig figs
Definition
all digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one.
Term
dimensional analysis
Definition
units are multipllied together, divided into eachother, or "canceled" to ensure that sollutions yield proper units
Term
conversion factor
Definition
fraction whose numerator and denominator are the same quantity expressed in different units.
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