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Chapter 1
Biology and the Tree of Life
19
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/04/2014

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Cards

Term
5 Characteristics to be considered "alive"
Definition

Organisms acquire and use energy

Organisms are made up of cells

Organisms process genetic information (genes)

Organisms can replicate

Organisms are the product of evolution

Term
Theory
Definition
An explanation for a very general phenomena or observation that is supported by a wide body of evidence
Term
Cell
Definition
The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
All organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A testable statement to explain a phenomen or a set of observations
Term
Prediction
Definition
A measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid
Term
Evolution
Definition

A change in the characteristics of a population over time

(occurs in populations)

Term
Natural Selection
Definition

A process that explains how evolution occurs

(acts on individuals)

Term
Heritable
Definition
Traits that can be passed on to offspring
Term
Population
Definition
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time
Term
Artificial Selection
Definition
Changes in populations that occur when humans select certain individuals to produce the most offspring
Term
Fitness
Definition
The ability of an individual to produce viable offspring
Term
Adaptation
Definition
A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment
Term
Speciation
Definition
Natural selection causing populations of one species to diverge and form new species
Term
Tree of Life
Definition
A family tree of organisms
Term
Phylogeny
Definition

Genealogical relationships 

("tribe-source")

Term
L.U.C.A
Definition
"Last Universal Common Ancestor"
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition

Cells that

  • are membrane-bound organelles
  • have a nucleus
  • generally are multicellular
  • are usually larger in size
Term
Prokaryotes
Definition

Cells that

  • are not membrane-bound organelles
  • generally lack a nucleus
  • generally unicellular
  • are smaller in size
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