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Chapter 1
Community Health ATI
18
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
11/12/2013

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Cards

Term
Nightingale's Theory of Environment
Definition
Highlights the relationship between an individuals environment and health;
Depicts health as a continuum;
Emphasizes preventive care
Term
Health Belief Model
Definition
Purpose: to predict of explain health behaviors; emphasizes change at the individual level
Assumes preventative health measures are taken primarily to avoid disease
Describes likelihood of taking an action
Term
Milio's Framework for Prevention
Definition
Complements the health belief model and emphasized change at the community level.
Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources.
Theorizes that behavior changes within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change
Term
Community
Definition
group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic and/or social parameters
Vary in characteristics and health needs
Term
Health indicators
Definition
Used to describe the health status of a community and serve as targets for improvement of a community's health

I.E. mortality rates, disease prevalence, physical activity, tobacco use, obesity.
Term
Community-based Nursing
Definition
Focus: individuals and families

Nursing: illness care: manage acute/chronic conditions where the focused live, work and "attend," like school, prison, camp
Term
Community-oriented Nursing
Definition
Focus: at risk individuals/groups/families and community

Nursing: Health care: determine health needs of community and intervening at individual/group/family level to improve collective help of community
Term
Community Health Nursing Practice
Definition
Focus: synthesis of nursing and public health theory

Nursing: promote, preserve and maintain health of populations by delivery of health services to individual/groups in order to impact "community health"
Term
Public Health Nursing Practice
Definition
Focus: synthesis of nursing and PH theory

Nursing: promote, preserve and maintain the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the community as a whole.

Core functions: systemic assessment of health, development of policies, ensuring services are available
Term
Ethical Principles application to CH
Definition
1. Respect for autonomy (respect client's right to self-determination)
2. Nonmaleficence (develop POC that include a system for monitoring and evaluating outcomes)
3. Beneficence (assess risk/benefit when planning interventions)
4. distributive justice (determine eligibility for health care service based on income and fiscal resources)
Term
Epidemiology
Definition
study of health related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection

Provides a broad understanding of the spread, transmission and incidence of disease and injury

study of relationships among an agent, host and an environment: triangle
Term

Epidemiological Calculations

Definition

Incidence per 1000  =  # of new cases in population @ specific time    x 1000

                                                           population total 

Prevalence per 1000  =  # of existing cases in pop @ specific time     x 1,000

                                                        population total

Crude Mortality Rate per 1000     =     # of deaths       x 1,000

                                                          population total

Infant Mortality Rate per 1000  =  # of infant deaths < 1 y.o      x 1,000

                                                     # of live births, same year

Attack Rate  =  # of people exposed to specifc agent who develop disease

                                            total # of people exposed

Term
The Epidemiological Process
Definition
1. Determine nature, extent and possible significance of problem.
2. Using date, formulate possible theory.
3. Gather info from variety of sources to narrow down possibilities
4. Make the plan to break the cycle
5. Put plan in action to control disease
6. Evaluate the plan
7. Report and follow up.
Term
Development of a community health education plan
Definition
1. identify population specific learning needs
2. consider concerns and effect of health needs on population to determine priority learning need
3. select aspects of learning theories to use based on identified learning need
4. identify barriers to learning and learning style
5. design educational program with short/long term goals
Implement and Evaluate
Term
Healthy People
Definition
Become Health People 2020 in Jan, 2010.

every ten years they publish national health objectives that serve as a guide for promoting health and preventing disease. It is coordinated by the US Dept of HHS and federal agencies
Term
Primary Prevention
Definition
Prevention of initial occurrence of disease or injury

Nutrition education, prenatal classes, family planning, sex education, health hygiene education to specific groups, communicable disease education, safety, providing immunizations, advocating for access to health care
Term
Secondary Prevention
Definition
Early detection and treatment of disease with goal of limiting severity and adverse effects.

Community assessments, disease surveillance, screenings, control of outbreaks of communicable disease
Term
Tertiary Prevention
Definition
Maximization of recovery after an illness or injury.

Nutrition counseling, exercise rehab, case management, PT, OT, support group, HTN exercise
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