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Chapter 11
Dr. E. Szeli
73
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/27/2007

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Term
Personality
Definition
A persons characteristic pattern of behaving, thinking or feeling
Term
Pyschoanalysis
Definition
Freud's term for his theory of personality and his therapy for treating psychological disorders
Term

Freud's Theory Of Personality
Name the three Levels of Awareness

Definition
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Term
Conscious
Definition

Thoughts, feelings, sensations, or memories of which a person is aware of at any given moment

Term
Preconscious
Definition
Thoughts, feelings, or memories that a person is not consciously aware of but may easily be brought back to consciousness
Term
Unconscious
Definition
For Freud, the primary motivator in behavior. Contains repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes, and desires that have never been conscious.
Term

Freuds theory of personality
Name the three concept systems

Definition

ID

Ego

Superego

Term
ID
Definition
Presented at birth; inherited
Unconscious system of personality
Contains life & death instincts
Operates on the pleasure principal; source of libido
Term
Ego
Definition
Draws energy from the ID
Logical & Rational
Conscious personality
Operates on reality principal
Term
Superego
Definition
Formed when a child is five or six years old
Judges behavior, thoughts, feelings and wishes
Moral system of personality
Has two parts
Term
What are the two parts of the superego?
Definition

Conscience
Ego Ideal

Term
Conscience - 1 Part of the Superego
Definition
The behaviors a child has been punished for and feels guilty about.
Term
Ego Ideal - 1 part of the superego
Definition
The behaviors for which a child has been rewarded for, or which he feels satisfaction and pride
Term

The ____ demand for pleasure is often in conflict with the _____ moral system. The ____ needs to defend itself from the excessive demands of the ____ and the harsh judgements of the _____.

Definition

The ID's demand for pleasure is often in conflict with the SuperEgo moral system. The Ego needs to defend itself from the excessive demands of the ID and the harsh judgements of the SuperEgo.

Term
Defense Mechanism
Definition
Means used by the Ego to fight against anxiety and to maintain self esteem.
Term
Defense Mechanism - Repression
Definition
The most common form of defense mechanism.
Removes painful memories from the conscious and puts them in the unconscious.
Term
Defense Mechanism - Denial
Definition
The refusal to admit the truth.

Ex. An alcoholic will refuse to admit they have a problem.
Term

Defense Mechanism - Displacement

Definition
Finding a safe target.

Ex. Boss yells at man --> Man yells at wife --> Wife yells at son --> Son can't yell at anyone so he goes and kicks the neighborhood cat to take out his anger
Term
Defense Mechanism - Sublimation
Definition
Re-Channeling Energies

Ex. A sick man wants to cut people, instead he becomes a surgeon so he can save lives while cutting people
Term
Freud thought the _______ instinct was the most important factor in determining ones personality.
Definition
The Sex Instinct
Term
What are Freud's 5 psychosexual stages?
Definition
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
Term
Oral Pyschosexual stage
Definition
From Birth to 1 year old

Weaning - Oral grafitication of using the mouth

Adult traits who have problems in this stage -
Optimism/Pessimism
Gullibility
Dependance
Hositility
Term
Anal Pyschosexual stage
Definition
From 1 to 3 years old

Toilet Training

Adult traits who have problems at this stage-
Excessive cleanliness
Orderly
Messy
Rebellious
Destructive
Term
Phallic Pyschosexual stage
Definition
From 3 to 5 years old

Sexual curiousity
Masurbation
Oedipal Conflict

Adult traits who have problems at this stage-
Flitaciousness
Sluttyness
Chastity
Term
Latency Pyschosexual stage
Definition
From 5 years old until Puberty

Sexual calm - interest in hobbies, school, and same sex friends

Term
Genital Pyschosexual stage
Definition

From Puberty - On

Revival of sexual interests
Establishing mature sexual relationships

Term
Fixation (Pyschosexual stages)
Definition
If one stage isn't readily resolved, a child will develop this.
A portion of the libido stays at one stage, not leaving enough for the challenges of future stages.
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
In the Phallic stage, a conflict in which the child is sexually attracted to the opposite-sex parent and has hostility toward the same-sex parent
Term

Name three Neo-Freudian's

Definition
Jung
Adler
Horney
Term
Jung's theory -

When does personality develop?
What are the three main parts?
Definition
Jung believed personality develops in Middle Age

The Ego
Personal Unconscious
Collective Unconscious
Term

Jung's Theory

The Ego

Definition
Conscious component of personality which carries out normal daily activities.
Term
Jung's Theory

Personal Unconscious
Definition
Layer of unconscious that contains all of the thoughts, perceptions, and experiences accessible to the conscious, as well as repressed memories, wishes, and impulses.
Term
Jung's Theory

Collective Unconscious
Definition
The most inacessible layer of the unconscious, which contains the universal experiences of human kind throughout evolution.
Term
Jung's Theory

Archetype
Definition
Exists in the collective unconscious

An inherited tendency to respond to universal human situations in particular ways.
Term
Adler's Theory of Personality
Definition
Emphasized the unity of personality. Not separate components like the ID, Ego, or SuperEgo

Thought the drive to overcome feelings of inferiority in our childhood motivates behavior.
Term
Adler's Theory of Personality

What are his two theories?
Definition

Inferiority Complex

Individual Pyschology

Term
Adler's Theory of Personality

Inferiority complex
Definition
Inferiority feelings are so strong they prevent personal development
Term
Adler's Theory of Personality

Individual Psychology
Definition
A conscious, self-aware component of an individuals personality
Term
Karen Horney's Theory of personality
Definition
Thought many womens psychological difficulties arise from the failure to live up to an idealized version of themselves.
Term
Behaviorists

Name the two behaviorists
Definition
Bandura
Rotter
Term
Bandura's theory of personality
Definition
Believed cognitive factors, individuals behaviors and external environment are all linked to one another.
Term
Bandura's theory of personality

Reciprocal Determinism
Definition
Concept of mutual influential relationship of cognitive factors, individuals behavior, and external environment
Term
Bandura's theory of personality

Self-Efficacy
Definition
The perception of a person

People with high self-efficacy approach new situations confidently, set high goals, and persist in their efforts.

People with low self-efficacy expect failure and avoid challenges.
Term

Rotter's theory of personality

Locust of Control

Definition
Concept of a cognitive factor that explains for how people account for what happens in their lives - either seeing themselves as internal locust of control or external locust of control
Term

Rotter's theory of personality

Interal locust of control

Definition
Primarily in control of their own behaviors and their consequences
Term

Rotter's theory of personality

External Locust of Control

Definition
Percieving what happens to them as fate, luck, or chance
Term
Humanists

Name two
Definition
Maslow
Rogers
Term
Maslows theory of personality
Definition
Motivational factors are the root to personality.
Term
Maslows theory of personality

Self-Actualization
Definition
Developing ones self to full potential

Self-Actualizers live their lives for the greater good of things

Frequently have peak experiences (experiences of great meaning)
Term

Roger's theory of personality

Conditions of worth

Definition

Conditions on which the positive regaurd of others

Term

Roger's theory of personality

Unconditional Positive Regaurd

Definition

Unqualified caring non-judgmental acceptance of another.

Thought pyschiatrists should give this to the client so they bring the person back to tune with themselves.

Term
Trait Theorists

Name three
Definition
Allport
Cattell
Eysenck
Term
Allport's trait theory
Definition
People inherit given materials for traits
They are then shaped by their experiences
Term
Allport's trait theory

Cardinal Trait
Definition

Such a strong trait a person has they may be known for just that

Term
Allport's trait theory

Centrail Trait
Definition
A trait that for example might be used in a letter of recommendation.
Term
Cattell's trait theory

Surface Trait
Definition

Observable qualities of a personality

Term
Cattell's trait theory

Source Trait
Definition
Underlying personality factors, intelligence for example, everyone has it, but it differs from person to person.
Term
Eysenck's trait theory

Name two dimensions
Definition
Extroversion vs. Introversion

Neuroticism
Term
Eysenck's trait theory

Extroversion vs. Introversion
Definition
Extroversion: Socialable, Outgoing

Introversion: Withdrawn and quiet
Term
Eysenck's trait theory

Neuroticism
Definition
Emotional Stability: Calm, even tempered

vs.

Emotional Instability: Anxious, Easily-Distressed
Term

Five Factor Theory

Definition
Personality is described using five broad dimensions, contrasting people
Term
Five Factor Theory

Name the Five factors
Definition
1. Extroversion: Outgoing or quiet?
2. Neuroticism: Calm or Anxious?
3. Conscientiousness: Reliable and hardworking or lazy and impulsive?
4. Agreeableness: Pleasant and Good Natured or Argumentable and Agressive
5. Openness to Experience: Broad Minded or Narrow Interests? 
Term
Debates in personality theories

Situation-Trait Debate
Definition

Do situations you're in describe your personality? Or do core traits?

Ex. If you see a stranger drop a wad of cash, do you tell him or not?
This is certainly not the same as robbing a bank but its still stealing if you take it. Does this describe your personality or does the core trait of honesty?

Term
Individualism/Collectivism Dimension
Definition
A measure of culture's emphasis on either individual achievement or social relationships.

Ex. America is different from China in what is good to achieve and not achieve
Term
Objective Personality Tests

Name four
Definition
Inventory
MMPI
CPI
MBTI
Term

Objective personality tests

Inventory

Definition
Questions about a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviors
Term

Objective personality tests

MMPI

Definition

Personality Inventory

Diagnoses psychiatric disorders

Term

Objective personality tests

CPI

Definition
Used to assess normal personality
Term

Objective personality tests

MBTI

Definition
Measures normal individual differences, based on Jung's theory of personality. Often used by career counselors.
Term
Projective Tests

Name two
Definition
TAT
Rorschach Inkblot Method
Term

Projective personality tests

TAT

Definition

Uses drawings of ambiguous situations which someone describes

Used to reveal inner thoughts, feelings, and motives

Term
Projective Personality Tests

Rorschach Inkblot Method
Definition

Someone describes inkblots to determine personality

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