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Chapter 11
US History X
60
History
11th Grade
11/30/2010

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What New Yorker established the "Albany Regency"?
Definition
Van Buren built a democratically controlled, well-disciilnped party organization that brought him political power
Term
Who led the wing of the Jeffersonian Republicans in New York known as the Bucktails?
Definition
Van Buren
Term
What was Martin Van Buren's goal as a Bucktail?
Definition
To build a new kind of political party based on mass participation
Term
What did the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 do?
Definition

-Expanded suffrage sot hat over 4/5 of adult males could vote

-Reduced the governor's ability to gain power by rewarding influential backers

-Reformed the State Constitution of 1777

-Established a more democratic system in party and state

Term
What resulted from changes to voting rules in the United States by 1840?
Definition
Almost universal white manhood suffrage
Term
Where could free African American men vote before 1865?
Definition
They could vote in five New England states
Term
What came to a dramatic end with the 1824 election?
Definition
The 1824 election marked an end to the political truce of the Era of Good Feelings. 4 candidates ran for presidency.
Term
With what phrase did the election of 1824 become identified in the public mind?
Definition
Though Andrew Jackson had the most popular votes, John Q. Adams won as a result of the so-called "corrupt bargain".
Term
Who were the presidential candidates in 1824?
Definition
Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford
Term
Why was the election of 1824 controversial?
Definition

-It seemed that Jackson should have won

-The whole political system was changing from personal to popular politics

-The party practice of selecting candidates had broken down

-Too many candidates were allowed into the race

Term
What developements contributed to the expansion of the right to vote in the United States?
Definition

-The movement westward and equality of frontier

-The observation of propertyless men during War of 1812 could fight, not vote.

-The competition for votes among politicians and party factions

-The undermining of the traditional authority structures in older states

Term
What is the period from 1817 to 1824 often called?
Definition
Era of Good Feelings
Term
What type of candidates were favored by the new popular democratic culture of the 1820s and 1830s?
Definition
It favored candidates with name recognition and popular images
Term
Why was Jackson elected in 1828?
Definition

-His defeat of the Indians during the War of 1812

-His reputation as a war hero from Battle of New Orleans

-His outsider common man status compared to Adams

-His popular appeal

Term
To what does the phrase "King Mob" refer?
Definition
His inauguration brought out a mob of well-wishers whose unruly behavior led critics to fear this was the beginning of the reign of "King Mob".
Term
What was the "Kitchen Cabinet"?
Definition
The informal group of personal advisors for Jackson favored over Cabinet members
Term
What does the Eaton affair show in regard to Jackson?
Definition
It showed how Jackson treated disagreements as personal attacks.
Term
Who was the politician with the nickname "Cast-Iron Man"?
Definition
John C. Calhoun
Term
What did Henry Clay's American System include?
Definition

-A national bank 

-Federally funded improvements for:

*railroads

*roads and canals

-A protective tariff

 

Term
Which politician became known as the great advocate for the West?
Definition
Henry Clay
Term
What political issue of the 1830s centered on the fundamental problem of how to balance the interests of the states against the interests of the nation?
Definition
The Nullification Crisis
Term
What issue of the 1820s and 1830s came to represent conflicting sectional interests most?
Definition
The protective tariff
Term
What was the protective Tariff of 1828 called?
Definition
"Tariff of Abominations"
Term
Why were southerners particularly angry about this tariff?
Definition
It was used as a means of gaining support for Jackson for presidential election
Term
Why did southern planters generally oppose tariffs?
Definition
-They feared Europeans might respond with tariffs on cotton -They thought tariffs were unconstitutional -They had to both pay higher prices and provide unfair support to Washington -They believed in the principal of free trade
Term
Who wrote The South Carolina Exposition and Protest?
Definition
John C. Calhoun wrote a defense of the doctrine of nullification claiming states could refuse to enforce laws they deemed unconstitutional.
Term
Why did Calhoun support the doctrine of nullification?
Definition
He saw it as a way to protect the rights of minorities.
Term
According to Van Buren, what did Jackson's agenda include?
Definition
-Destroying the Second Bank of the United States -Moving the Indians West of the Mississippi River -Stopping the federal support of the internal improvements -Ending abuses related to internal national improvements
Term
In what case did Chief Justice John Marshall rule in favor of Cherokee sovereignty and against Georgia?
Definition
Worcester vs. Georgia
Term
In what ways did the Cherokee seem to prove by 1830 that they had assimilated fairly throughly, as official United States policy recommended?
Definition
-They had high literacy in English
-They held slaves
-They tried to resolve differences by legal means
-They ran businesses
Term
What was the forced removal of the Cherokee from the East to Indian Territory known as?
Definition
"Trail of Tears"
Term
What did the removal of the Indians to west of the Mississippi reveal?
Definition
It revealed how harsh majority rule could be
Term
What was the purpose of Henry Clay's American System?
Definition
to enable the development of the West of the national market
Term
After the veto of the Maysville Road Bill, how were internal improvements such as roads and canals built?
Definition
Mostly with funding from state and local governments
Term
How did state funding for internal improvements contribute to financial instability?
Definition
Subsequent defaults on loans
Term
What principle did the Marshall Court use in cases such as Gibbons vs. Ogden?
Definition
The principle that the forces of supply and demand should determine outcomes
Term
What did the dispute over whether to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United Sates become known as?
Definition
The Bank War
Term
Why did the Second Bank of the United States become a divisive political issue?
Definition
Jackson portrayed the Bank as the enemy of the people and a tool of the elite.
Term
What was the first third party in United States history and what was it a sign of?
Definition
The Anti-Masonic Party and sign of widespread Anti-elite sentiment that helped elect Jackson
Term
Why did the new political party of the 1830s call itself the Whig Party?
Definition
That was the name of those opposed to royal absolutism in England
Term
Why did the Whig Party and a second two-party system develop?
Definition
In opposition to Jackson's acts based on claims of greatest presidential power
Term
What was the organization in the 1830s of American political debate into two camps, each of which had to appeal to people of all classes in all regions, known as?
Definition
The Second American Party System
Term
What name did the Whigs attach to Jackson?
Definition
King Andrew
Term
What was the popular name for the economic theory that says economic decisions should be made by market forces?
Definition
Laissez-faire
Term
How did Jackson make the Bank of the United States' death certain?
Definition
He transferred the governments deposits to pet banks.
Term
What was the financial collapse that followed the speculative boom after Jackson killed the Second Bank of the United States called?
Definition
The death of the Bank led to feverish speculation and the Panic of 1837
Term
What was the Specie Circular?
Definition
Jackson's directive that the government would accept payment for public lands only in gold and silver
Term
What nickname was given to Martin Van Buren?
Definition
Van Ruin
Term
What caused the financial collapse of 1837?
Definition
It was partly the result of Jackson killing the Second Bank of the United States and the issuing of the Species Circular
Term
With what were Democrats, after Jackson, identified?
Definition
-Westward expansion -A dislike for big business -Indian removal -Freedom on the frontier
Term
What did the Whigs favor?
Definition

-A strong central government

-The protective tariff

-Government advocacy of a more moral society

-Internal improvements

Term
What was the Whigs campaign slogan in 1840?
Definition
"Tippecanoe and Tyler too"
Term
Why did the Whigs win the presidency in 1840?
Definition

-William Henry Harrison, like Jackson, had been an Indian fighter

-The Whigs made Harrison sound like a common man

-The Whigs used massive campaign rallies and parades

-They nominated a Southerner for Vice President

Term
Who took over after Harrison died, and what were his policies like?
Definition
John Tyler assumed office and virtually reversed the election by his policies
Term
What elements of American culture reflected the culture of Jacksonian America - of the common man in a hurry to get ahead?
Definition

-The scandal filled pages of the penny papers

-The self-sufficiency advocated by Emerson's lectures

-The sanctity of The Methodist Christian Advocate

-The artwork of Western painters such as Karl Bodmer and George Catlin

Term
Who invented the telegraph?
Definition
Samuel F. B. Morse
Term
What cultural productions reflect the tendency to reform society in Jacksonian America?
Definition

-The temperance dime novels such as Walt Whitman's ??

-Ralph Waldo Emerson's lectures such as "The American Scholar"

-The paintings and national tour of George Catlin

-The Methodist Christian Advocate

Term
Who was the author of the Leatherstocking novels?
Definition
James Fenimoore Cooper
Term
What Tennessean was the basis for almanacs offering a mix of humorous stories and tall tales?
Definition
Davy Crockett
Term
Where was balloon frame construction first used in the United States?
Definition
It was first used in Chicago to build homes quickly
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