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chapter 1
chapter 1
26
Biology
10th Grade
01/04/2010

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Term
goal of science
Definition
to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events int he natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions
Term
observation
Definition
what scientists start with.  use of one or more of the senses= sight, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste- to gather info
Term
science
Definition

organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world; body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process

Term
data
Definition
evidence; info gathered from observations
Term
inference
Definition
logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience
Term
hypothesis
Definition
possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a specific question
Term
designing an experiment
Definition

1. observe

2. ask a question

3. form hypothesis

4. set up controlled experiment 

5. record data and analyze results

6. draw conclusion

Term
theory
Definition
as evidence from numerous investigations build up, a particular hypothesis may become so well supported that scientists consider it a theory . well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Term
living things:
Definition

- are made up of units called cells

-reproduce

- are based on a universal genetic code

- grow and develop

- obtain and use amterials and energy

- respond to their environment

- maintain a stable internal environment

- taken as a group, living things change over time

Term
controlled experiment
Definition
only one variable changes at a time
Term
manipulated variable
Definition
variable that is deliberatly changed
Term
responding variable
Definition
variable that is observed and that changes in response to manipulated variable
Term
cell
Definition
a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell form its surroundings
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
cells from two diff parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
new organism has a single parent, usually that divides
Term
metabolism
Definition
combo of chemical reactions thru which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
Term
stimulus
Definition
signal to which an organism responds
Term
homeostasis
Definition
process by which organisms maintain their internal environment
Term
evolution
Definition
ability of a group or organisms to change over time
Term
levels at which life can be studied
Definition

- molecule

- cell

- organism

- species

- population

- community

- biosphere

Term
metric system
Definition

decimal system of measurement whose units are based on a certain physical standard and scaled on multiples of 10 (what most scinetsists use)

 

Term
light microscope
Definition

produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays. allow light to pass thru the specimen and use 2 lenses to form image

make it possible to study dead organisms and their parts or tiny organisms and cells that are still alive

Term
electron microscope
Definition

produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons. much more detailed than light

transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes

cells have to be dead, preserved, and dehydrated to see cuz it scans

Term
cell culture
Definition
the cell is able to reproduce so that a group of cells, called cell culture, develops from the single original cell
Term
cell fractionation
Definition
a technique to seperate the different parts of a cell
Term
metric units
Definition

*length

1 meter= 100 centimeters

1 meter= 1000 millimeters

1000 meters= 1 kilometer

*volume

1 liter= 1000 milliliters

1 liter= 1000 cubic centimeters

*mass

1 kilogram= 1000 grams

1 gram= 1000 milligrams

1000 kilograms= 1 metric ton

*temperature

0°C= freezing point of water

100°C= boiling point of water

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