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Chapter 1
Questions and Memorizations for Waxman 1
45
Science
Undergraduate 4
01/24/2012

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Term
The two anatomical divisions of the nervous system
Definition
Central and Peripheral
Term
The two physiological divisions of the nervous system
Definition
Somatic and autonomic
Term
The cerebrum/forebrain can be divided into these two sections.
Definition
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Term
The telencephalon is comprised of these structures.
Definition
Cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, commissures
Term
The Diencephalon consists of these structures.
Definition
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
Term
The brain stem can be divided into these three regions
Definition
Midbrain (Mesencephalon), pons, medulla oblongata
Term
White matter
Definition
Groups of axons appearing white due to the myelin sheath
Term
Grey matter
Definition
Collections of neuron cell bodies.
Term
Perikaryon
Definition
Another word for cell body or soma
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Hollow, fluid-filled tubes which circulate CSF through the brain.
Term
Interneurons
Definition
These neurons transmit impulses locally.
Term
Projection neurons
Definition
These neurons send information from one region to another
Term
Functional unit inside the CNS
Definition
Nucleus, plural nuclei
Term
Functional unit outside the CNS
Definition
Ganglion, plural ganglia
Term
These cells help to form the blood-brain barrier, regulate synapses, and can become reactive in response to neural damage.
Definition
Astrocytes
Term
The immune cell of the CNS
Definition
Microglia
Term
These cells myelinate CNS axons
Definition
Oligodendrocytes
Term
These cells myelinate PNS axons
Definition
Schwann cells
Term
The term for the fact that tracts decussate such that the contralateral side of the body is represented in the brain.
Definition
Crossed representation
Term
The crossing of a tract over the midline (esp in the spinal cord)
Definition
Decussation
Term
This plane transects the object into inferior and superior chunks
Definition
Horizontal
Term
This plane transects the object into anterior and posterior chunks
Definition
frontal or coronal
Term
This plane transects the object into medial and lateral chunks
Definition
sagittal
Term
This plane transects the object along a line of bilateral symmetry
Definition
Mid-sagittal
Term
On the belly side
Definition
ventral
Term
Nearer to the back
Definition
dorsal
Term
Above
Definition
superior
Term
Below
Definition
Inferior
Term
On the same side
Definition
ipsilateral
Term
On opposite sides
Definition
contralateral
Term
On both sides
Definition
bilateral
Term
Towards the midline
Definition
medial
Term
Away from the midline
Definition
Lateral
Term
Towards the tail
Definition
Caudal
Term
Toward the nose end
Definition
Rostral
Term
Nerves from the CNS to the body: Afferent or Efferent
Definition
Efferent
Term
Nerves from body to CNS: Afferent or Efferent
Definition
Afferent
Term
The three layers of the embryonic neural tube
Definition
Ventricular zone (ependyma), intermediate zone (mantle layer), and marginal zone
Term
This is the layer of the neural tube in which neural precursor cells divide
Definition
Ventricular zone
Term
The act of a multipotent stem cell becoming its ultimate cell type
Definition
Differentiation
Term
When neural precursors move from their birthplace to a final destination
Definition
Migration
Term
Receptive part of a neuron
Definition
Dendrite
Term
Long projection of a neuron which carries an action potential
Definition
axon
Term
Wallerian degeneration moves in this direction
Definition
From the axon transection down to the target cell
Term
Wallerian degeneration is also known by this directional name
Definition
Orthograde degeneration
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