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Chapter 11 Notes
cell communication
17
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/24/2011

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Term
signal transduction pathway
Definition
a series of steps by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response
Term
local regulators
Definition
messenger molecules that travel only short distances
Term
hormones
Definition
used in long-distance signaling, plants and animal
Term
reception
Definition
first stage of cell signaling
Term
transduction
Definition
second step in cell signaling
Term
response
Definition
third step in cell signaling
Term
G-prtein-coupled receptor
Definition
the largest family of cell-surface receptors
Term
G protein
Definition
acts as an on ad off switch for GCPR
Term
Receptor Tryoine Kinases
Definition
membranes receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosines
Term
ligand-gated ion channel
Definition
receptor acts as a gate when the receptor changes shape
Term
protein kinases
Definition
trasfer phosphates from ATP to protein in a process called phosphorylation
Term
protein phosphates
Definition
remove the phosphates from proteins a process called dephosporylation
Term
second messengers
Definition
small, nonprotein, water solluble molecules or ions that spread throughout a cell by diffusion
Term
Cylic AMP (cAMP)
Definition
one of the most widely used second messengers
Term
Adenylyl Cyclase
Definition
an enzyme in the plasma membrane converts ATP to cAMP in response to extracellular signal
Term
Scaffolding prtoeins
Definition
large relay proteins to wich other proteins are attached
Term
Apoptosis
Definition
programmed or controlled cell suicide
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