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Chapter 11 DNA
DNA & the Languaguage of life
27
Science
10th Grade
02/20/2008

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Term
Friedrich Miescher (1860)
Definition
1st discovered DNA in WBCs from wounded soldiers (called Nuclein)
Term
Frederick Griffith (1928)
Definition
British; 1st discovered TRANSFORMATION in heat-killed bacteria
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
Building block (monomer) of DNA molecule
Term
Hydrogen Bonds
Definition
Holds two strands of DNA together; connects base pairs (weak)
Term
Oswald Avery (1944)
Definition
Showed (in vitro) DNA = T.P. ( used DNAases & Proteinases)
Term
Hershey & Chase (1952)
Definition
Proved phage DNA injected into host (used radioactive S & P isotype)
Term
Nitrogen Bases
Definition
Order of these makes us UNIQUE
Term
Thomas Morgan (1915)
Definition
Studied gene function & location by crossing many MUTANT flies
Term
Bacteriophage
Definition
A virus that infects BACTERIA
Term
Adenine & Guanine
Definition
PURINE nitrogen bases; contain DOUBLE ring
Term
Period
Definition
One complete TURN of DNA
Term
Deoxyribose
Definition
PENTOSE sugar in DNA; missing OXYGEN on #2 Carbon
Term
Antiparallel
Definition
Two DNA strands join in opposite directions (3' end with 5' end)
Term
Sugar-Phosphate
Definition
Forms repeating backbone of DNA molecule ( same for all)
Term
34 Angstroms
Definition
DISTANCE of one complete turn of DNA
Term
Double Helix
Definition
Winding, two strand arrangement of DNA (base pairs = rungs)
Term
DNA
Definition
Main molecule of HEREDITY (double stranded nucleic acid)
Term
DNA ligase
Definition
Enzyme connects NUCLEOTIDES during DNA replication
Term
Erwin Chargoff (1948)
Definition
Discovered BASE PAIRING rules (A + G) = (T + C) for all species
Term
Semi-Conservative Replication
Definition
Nature of DNA REPLICATION (i.e. One "old" + one "new")
Term
Sutton (1902)
Definition
Developed Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance (genes on chromosomes)
Term
6 x 109
Definition
# of nitrogen bases in each human cell (46 chromosomes)
Term
Cytosine & Thymine
Definition
PYRAMIDINE nitrogen bases; contain SINGLE ring
Term
Rosalind Franklin (1950)
Definition
Took X-rays of DNA; data for Watson and Crick
Term
Watson and Crick (1953)
Definition
Developed DOUBLE HELIX model of DNA; complementary BP
Term
3.4 Angstroms
Definition
Distance between successive base pairs
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
ENZYME that creates NEW DNA strand from OLD template
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