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Chapter 10 Test Study Guide
Test 3
19
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/21/2014

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Term
Instinct
Definition
an unlearned behavior that follows a fixed pattern in all members of the species.
Term
Drive-Reduction Theory
Definition
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive,such as hunger or thirst) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Term
How do drives and needs relate to one another?
Definition
A need is food and water, drive is hunger/thirst, and we have a need to reduce the driver by eating and drinking.
Term
What is homeostasis?
Definition
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of blood chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Homeostasis (the body’s thermostat)-Sweat/Shiver
Term
How does arousal affect performance?
Definition
Too high arousal is bad and too low is bad, we perform our best at a medium level.
Term
How does the presence of others affect arousal?
Definition
Easy Task + Presence of Others= Do Better
Hard Task + Presnece of Others= Do Worst
Term
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Definition
freely chosen and is inherent in the activity

Intrinsic motivation comes from within you. -Participating in a sport because you find the activity enjoyable
-Solving a word puzzle because you find the challenge fun and interesting
-Playing a game because you find it exciting
Term
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Definition
coerced by an external incentive, such as praise, money, or good grades

Studying because you want to get a good grade
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
(I’m sad because I’m crying)
-Physiological reaction leads to labeling of emotion
-Biological arousal/response cause the emotion
Term
Cannon Bard Theory
Definition
(arousal and emotion are simultaneous)
-Physiological reaction and emotion occur at same time
-Independently, not together, neither are causing the other.
Term
Schacter-Singer(Schachter 2 factor)
Definition
(emotion is a result of arousal and a cognitive label)
-Physical arousal AND labeling based on environmental cues occur before emotion
-Emotion(The people)/Cognitive Label(Drug)
Term
How does culture affect non-verbal communication?
Definition
Hand Gestures vary around the world and facial expressions tend to stay the same but can easily vary with the same muscles being used.
Term
What are some factors that seem to affect levels of aggression?
Definition
-There is no one spot in the brain that controls agression.
-Biological influences: Amygdala and genes
-Biochemical influences: Testosterone and alcohol
-Frustration+anger=Aggression
-Environment
-Poor Self-Control
-Media
-Video Games
Term
Catharsis
Definition
emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Term
Physiological needs
Definition
1.Food and Water
Term
Safety needs
Definition
2.Shelter and Predictability(A need to feel that the world is organized and predictable
Term
Belongingness and love needs
Definition
3.Need to Love and be loved, To belong and be accepted:Need to avoid loneliness and alienation
Term
Self-esteem needs
Definition
Need for self-4.Esteem,achievement,competence,and independence; need for recognition and respect from others.
Term
Self-actualization
Definition
5.(achieving potential) Need to live up to one's fullest and unique potential.
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