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chapter 10 patterns of inheritance
BIO 111 Exam 3
39
Biology
Undergraduate 1
07/09/2013

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Term
name of austrian monk who worked with peas and discovered patterns of inheritance?
Definition
gregor mendel
Term
mendel's laws are compatible with what?
Definition
evolution
Term
what is the significance of mendel's laws?
Definition

1. proved that various combinations of traits are tested by the environment

2. combinations that lead to reproductive successes are the ones that are passed on

Term
what plant did gregor mendel work with?
Definition
the garden pea, Pisum sativa
Term
in mandel's expirements, what are the original parent generation called?
Definition
P
Term
in mandel's experiments, what is the first-generation offspring called?
Definition
F1
Term
in mandel's experiments, what is the second-generation offspring called?
Definition
F2
Term
what is a punnett square?
Definition
shows all possible combinations of egg and sperm offspring may inherit
Term
when mendel crossed tall pea plants with short pea plants, where all F1 generation members tall?
Definition
yes, all F1 members were tall even though they were created from the P generation that were both tall and short
Term
when mendel's all-tall F1 generation was allowed to self-pollinate, were the F2 generation members all tall as well?
Definition
no, despite the all-tall F1 generation, they still passed on shortness from the P generation = F2 were 3/4 tall and 1/4 short
Term
what were the conclusions of mendel's pea experiments?
Definition

1. if a parent w/ dominant phenotype has only 1 dominant factor, the results among the offspring are 1:1

2. if a parent w/ dominant phenotypes has 2 dominant factors, all offsprings have the dominant phenotype

Term
what is mendel's first law of inheritance?
Definition
law of segregation
Term
what does the law of segregation state?
Definition

1. each individual has 2 factors for each trait

2. the factors are separate during formation of gametes

3. each gamete contains only 1 factor from each pair

4. fertilization gives each new individual 2 factors for each trait

Term

meiosis or mitosis?:

explains mendel's law of segreation

Definition
meiosis
Term
alleles
Definition
alternative forms of a gene
Term
what does a dominant allele do?
Definition
a dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele
Term
where do alleles occur?
Definition
alleles occur on homologous chromosomes at a location called the gene locus
Term

genotype or phenotype?:

physical appearance of an individual

Definition
phenotype
Term

genotype or phenotype?:

mostly determined by the other

Definition
phenotype
Term

genotype or phenotype?:

alleles individual recieves at fertilization

Definition
genotype
Term

genotype or phenotype?:

can be homozygous and heterozygous

Definition
genotype
Term
homozygous
Definition
have 2 identical alleles
Term
heterozygous
Definition
have 2 different alleles
Term
what is mendel's second law?
Definition
law of independent assortment
Term
what does the law of independence state?
Definition

1. each pair of factors segregates independently of the other pairs

2. all possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes

Term
what is incomplete dominance?
Definition
when a heterozygote has intermediate phenotype
Term
what is an example in human hair of incomplete dominance?
Definition
wavy hair (intermediate between curly and straight hair)
Term

true or false:

temperature can affect the color coat of a rabbit's offspring.

Definition
true, rabbits can have black fur when temp is low
Term
pleiotrophy
Definition
single genes have more than one effect (i.e. Marfan syndrome)
Term
multifactorial traits
Definition

polygenic traits subject to

environmental effects

Term

true or false:

all eggs contain an X

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

all sperm contain either an X or a Y

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

Y is much larger than X and carries more genes

Definition
false- X is much larger than Y and carries more genes
Term

true or false:

males always receive X from female parent and Y from male parent.

Definition
true
Term

true or false:

Y chromosomes carry alleles for X-linked traits.

Definition

false-

Y chromosomes DO NOT carry alleles for X-linked traits

Term
what is a carrier?
Definition
female who carries an X-linked trait but does not express it
Term
the closer 2 genes are on a chromosome, the less likely they are to _________.
Definition
cross-over
Term
the % of recombinant phenotypes (crossing-over) can be used to determine the distance between genes.  so, 1% crossing-over = ___ map unit.
Definition
1% crossing-over = 1 map unit
Term
if 6% of offspring are recombinant (crossing-over), then the genes are how many map units apart?
Definition
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