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Chapter 10
Taxonomy
34
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2011

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Term
taxonomy
Definition
science of the classification of organisms
Term
linnaeus
Definition
kingdoms plantae and animalia
Term
nageli
Definition
bacteria and fungi put in the kingdom plantae
Term
chatton
Definition
prokaryote intruduced for cells 'without a nucleus'
Term
whittaker
Definition
bacteria were separated in to the kingdom prokaryote; 5 kingdom system based on structure/function relationships
Term
woese
Definition
proposed 3 kingdom system based on cell type, and rRNA sequence relatedness
Term
phylogenetics
Definition
makes grouping according to properties that implies evolutionary relatedness (genetic commonalities)
Term
strain
Definition
genetically different within a clone
Term
clone
Definition
a population of cells derived from a single cell
Term
culture
Definition
grwon in laboratory media
Term
prokaryotic species
Definition
population of cells with similar characteristics
Term
eukaryotic species
Definition
a group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves
Term
animalia
Definition
multicellular, no cell walls, chemohetertrophs (Energy and C source from premade organic substances we consume and digest)
Term
plantae
Definition
multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic (Energy from sun and get C from CO2)
Term
fungi
Definition
chemoheterotrophic; uni/multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develops from spores or hyphal fragments
Term
protista
Definition
a catchall kingdom for eukaryotes, grouped into clades based on rRNA
Term
viral species
Definition
population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche
Term
classification
Definition
placing organisms in groups of related species; list of characteristics of known organisms
Term
identification
Definition
matchin characteristics of an unknown to a list of known organisms
Term
Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology
Definition
for laboratory identification of bacteria, based on rRNA sequences
Term
Bergey's manual for systematic bacteriology
Definition
for bacterial classification; based on morphology, differential staining and biochemical tests
Term
differential tehniques
Definition
gram staining and acid-fast staining
Term
enterotube
Definition
tests for utilization of different substances and get positive or negative and ID from that
Term
serological tests
Definition
involve reactions of microorganisms with specific antibodies
Term
direct ELISA
Definition
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays where they take a well that has antibodies all over and add an unknown bacteria then add antibody with an enzyme attached and add a subsrate
Term
indirect ELISA
Definition
indirect= add microbe to naked well add antibody then add a secondary antibody that has specificity for other antibody and binds causing a color change
Term
western blotting
Definition
separate proteins based on size by electrophoresis; technique to identify proteins from a biological source
Term
phage typing
Definition
used to identify bacterial species and strains by determining their susceptibility to various phages
Term
flow cytometry
Definition
rarely used
Term
genetic tools
Definition
DNA bas compoition (G and C %), DNA fingerprinting (electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests), rRNA sequencing, and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)= used to identify a small amount of microbial DNA
Term
nucleic acid hybridization
Definition
indicates relatedness between the two: complete, partial and none
Term
southern blotting
Definition
separate DNA and mix with fluorescent probe
Term
FISH
Definition
probe technology to identify bacterial cells directly
Term
dichotomous key
Definition
tool used to differentiate organisms
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